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Biological Control of Leaf Spot of Groundnut

Md. Mahedi Hasan
MS student
Dept. of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh

Mohd. Rezaul Islam
Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna

Ismail Hossain
Professor
Dept. of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The efficacy of three botanicals viz. neem leaf, debdaru leaf, and datura leaf, BAU-Biofungicide along with a check (Bavistin) and untreated control were evaluated as foliar spray in the field in the present research work. Among the treatments, BAU-Biofungicide, extracts of neem leaf, datura leaf and debdaru leaf showed excellent performance in controlling leaf spot and increasing pod yield by 53.61, 51.91, 40.85 and 38.72%, respectively as compared to control. In case of seedling germination, BAU-Biofungicide as seed treatment+ spray gave 97.77% germination followed by extracts of neem leaf (88.14%), datura leaf (93.33%) and debdaru leaf (95.55%). BAUBiofungicide as seed treatment+ spray produced higher length and weight of shoot and root and vigour index as compared to untreated control. Maximum vigour index was observed under BAU-Biofungicide spray. BAU-Biofungicide as seed treatment+ spray gave higher plant height, number of leaves and minimum number of infected leaves as compared to control. Minimum percentages of leaf area diseased were obtained with BAU-Biofungicide as seed treatment + spray followed by Bavistin. BAU-Biofungicide, extracts of neem leaf, datura leaf and debdaru leaf showed promising performance in number and weight of pods and pod yield. Maximum weight of pods/plant and weight of mature pods/plant was achieved with BAU-Biofungicide as seed treatment + sprays followed by extract of neem leaf spray. The highest net profit was recorded with the use of BAU–Biofungicide as seed treatment + foliar spray by Tk. 176768.00/ha followed by extracts of neem leaf Tk. 172275.00/ha, while the lowest Tk. 96443.00/ha in untreated control. Maximum Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) 1: 2.77 was found in BAU–Biofungicide seed treatment + spray followed by BAU–Biofungicide seed treatment (1: 2.65), BAU–Biofungicide spray (1: 2.64) and extracts of neem leaf (1:2.62).

Keywords: Groundnut, Leaf Spot, BAU-Biofungicide, Biological control, Benefit-Cost Ratio

Location: Field Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-11-2011

End Date: 00-06-2012

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Ground nut

Objectives:

To develop Biological Control management packages to prevent Leaf Spot disease of Groundnut.

Methodology:

The experiments were carried out at Field Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, during November, 2011 to June, 2012. The experiment was done by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having three replications. The individual size of the plot was 1.5 m x 1.0 m. The spaces between Blocks and between plots were 1.0 and 1.0 m, respectively. The groundnut variety, Dhaka –1 which is popular and highly susceptible to leaf spot was used in this experiment. The seeds were sown in the field on December 10, 2011. The seeds were sown in line about 2-3 cm depth. Seed to seed and line to line distances were 10cm and 40 cm, respectively. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Bavistin (0.1%), BAUBiofungicide (3%), Neem leaf extract (25%), Debdaru leaf extract (20%) and Datura leaf extract (20%). Suspension of all materials was used as foliar spray. Additional seed treatment was maintained with BAU-Biofungicide @ 3% of seed weight. So, there were eight treatments including a control. The experimental plot was inspected regularly to observe crop conditions and to record data on different aspects. Five sprays each of Bavistin, botanicals and BAU-Biofungicide were given at 15 days interval with the help of a self-compressed hand sprayer to cover the plant canopy starting from 65 days after sowing.Procedure of Vigour Test: Randomly selected 9 seedlings were uprooted carefully from each tray and washed thoroughly with running tap water. Data were recorded at 30 days after sowing (DAS). The Vigour Index (VI) was computed using the formula of Baki and Anderson (1973) as follow: Vigor Index = (Mean shoot length + mean root length) × (Germination percent). Assessment of leaf spot: Six plants from each unit plot were randomly selected for counting the number of healthy and diseased leaves, severity of disease intensity. Disease severity of those randomly selected leaves of each plot was assessed by counting percent leaf area infected. The plants were evaluated five times at 68, 83, 98, 113 and 128 days after sowing. The following data were recorded up to growing period: a) Germination (%) b) Root length/plant c) Shoot length/plant d) Root weight/plant e) Shoot weight/plant f) Plant height (cm) g) No. of leaf/plant h) No. of infected leaf/plant i) Total leaf area diseased/plant (%). Plants were harvested after 166 days after sowing on May 27, 2012 and data were recorded after harvest on the following parameters: a) No. of pods/plant b) No. of mature pods/plant c) No. of immature pods/plant d) Weight of pods/plant (g) e) Wt. of mature pods/plant (g) f) Wt. of immature pods/plant (g) g) Groundnut pods yield (Kg/ha). Benefit – cost analysis (BCR): The Benefit-Cost analysis was done following the method . BCR =A × C) -B/B Where, A = Selling price (Tk./kg) B= Cost of cultivation of the crops (Tk./ha) C= Yield (Kg/ha) The recorded data on different parameters were subjected to statistical analysis using MSTAT-C computer program to find out the significance of variation resulting from experimental treatments. The difference between the treatments means were evaluated for significance using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.

Source of Information: Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, Vol. 01 (02): 66-78, 2014

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Among the treatments, BAUBiofungicide, extracts of neem leaf, datura leaf and debdaru leaf showed excellent performance in controlling leaf spot and increasing pod yield by 53.61, 51.91, 40.85 and 38.72%, respectively as compared to control in the field. In case of seedling germination, BAU-Biofungicide as seed treatment+ spray gave 97.77% germination followed by extracts of debdaru leaf (95.55%), datura leaf (93.33%) and neem leaf (88.14%). Maximum Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) 1: 2.77 was found in BAU– Biofungicide as seed treatment + spray followed by BAU–Biofungicide as seed treatment (1: 2.65), BAU–Biofungicide spray (1: 2.64) and extracts of neem leaf (1:2.62).

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