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Antibacterial Activity of the Crude Ethanolic Extract of Xylocarpus Granatum Stem Barks

M. A. Alam
s
Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

M. Sarder
Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna.

M. A. Awal
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. M. H. Sikder
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

K. A. Daulla
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Xylocarpus granatum, Kanamycin, Disc diffusion

Location: Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-10-2003

End Date: 00-12-2003

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Mangrove

Objectives:

To investigate an ethanolic extract of X. granatum for potential antibacterial activity.

Methodology:

Antimicrobial effect of the crude organic extract of Xylocarpus granatum stem barks was studied in the Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh, during the period from October to December 2003. Antimicrobial assay was measured using the methods. Xylocarpus granatum was collected from the Sundarbons of Karomjol, Dacope region. The time of collection was October 20 03 at day time. The steam berks were collected from the fresh tree from the bank of the river. The plant was identified at Bangladesh National Herbarium where a voucher specimen was deposited. A 100 g amount of the pulverized dried stem bark was continuously extracted with solvent in a soxhlet extractor for 2½ h and the solvent distilled off in the rotatory evaporator. The extract was then poured into a weighed flask and further dried in a desiccating chamber to a constant weight. The dried extract was exposed to UV fractions were quantitatively evaluated for activity against rays for 24 hours and checked for sterility by streaking on nutrient agar plate. Both gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains were taken for the test. The bacterial strains used for the investigation are listed. These organisms were collected from the Microbiology Laboratory of Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna. Each of the test organisms was transferred to the test tube containing 16 ml previously autoclaved media with the help of the sterilized inoculating loop at 45°C under laminar air flow unit. The test tubes were shaken by rotation to get a uniform suspension of organism. The bacterial suspensions were im mediately transferred to the sterile petri-dishes aseptically . The petri-dishes are rotated several times to assure homogeneous distribution of the test organisms. The medium was poured into petri dishes in such a way as to give a uniform layer of depth of approximately 4 mm. After the medium become cooled to room temperature, it was stored in a refrigerator (4ºC) . The agar disc diffusion techniques involved placing sterile paper discs (Whitman No. 1 filter paper) of 5 mm diameter impregnated with different crude extracts and dried in a hot air oven at 60°C on agar plates seeded with the test organism. Three types of discs were used for antimicrobial screening; sample discs, standard discs and blank discs. Then the sample disc was prepared by applying sample solution of the desired concentration on the sterile filter paper discs (5 mm in diameter) with the help of a micropipette in an aseptic condition. Similarly blank discs and other discs were prepared to serve as negative control and test sample respectively. In this investigation kanamycin (30 µ g/disc) standard disc was used as reference and methanol was used as blank. These discs were left for few minutes in aseptic condition under UV light for co mplete sterilization. Sample impregnated discs, standard disc and negative control discs were placed gently on the solidified agar plates, freshly seeded with the test organisms with the help of a sterile forceps to assure complete contact with medium surface. The special arrangement of the discs was such that the discs were not closer than 15 mm to the edge of the plate and far enough apart to prevent overlap ping the zones of inhibition. The plates were then inverted and kept in refrigeration for about 24 hours at 4ºC. This was sufficient time for the material to diffuse into a considerable area of the medium. The antibiotic Kanamycin and normal saline were used as positive and negative controls respectively. The whole set - up was incubated as 37°C for 18 h after (Yongabi, 2003) after which diameter of zones of inhibition were measured.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2006), 4 (1): 69–72.

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v4i1.1529

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Antimicrobial screening showed that the crude ethanol extract and other partially extracted fraction of the barks of Xylocarpus granatum possess antimicrobial activity against most of the test organisms depending upon the nature of their active ingredients in the extract and capacity of diffusion into the agar medium. Among the test organisms, the extract showed significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermis, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella boydii, and Proteus spp. and moderate activity against Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, and no activity against Shigella dysentery, Enterococci, Salmonella typhi .

Knowledge Management: Journal