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Antidiabetic Effects of Catharanthus Roseus, Azadirachta Indica, Allium Sativum and Glimepride in Experimentally Diabetic Induced Rat

M. Mostofa
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. E. Choudhury
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. A. Hossain
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. Z. Islam
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. S. Islam
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. H. Sumon
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Catharanthus roseus (Nyantara), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Allium sativum (Garlic) are medicinal plants, used in Ayurveda for treating various diseases, one of which is diabetes mellitus. In the present study of 12 months period from January to December 2007, aqueous extract of this plants were prepared and blood glucose lowering effect and improvement of body weight gain in Streptozotocin (50 mg/kg bwt i.p.) induced diabetic rats were measured and compared with that of a patent drug glimepride in the Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Rats were administered Catharanthus roseus, Azadirachta indica, Allium sativum extracts at the dose rate of 1g/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1g/kg bwt orally for 14 days, respectively. Blood glucose level and body weight was measured by Glucotrend kit and Electronic balance and that compared with a patent drug Glimepride at a dose rate of 100 mg/kg bwt. The data were compared statistically by using student’s unpaired t-test. The herbal preparations of these plants significantly increased body weight gain and decreased blood glucose as compared with the patent drug. The present study clearly indicated the significant antidiabetic activity of Catharanthus Roseus, Azadirachta indica and Allium sativum and supports the traditional usage of the herbal preparations by Ayurvedic physicians for the therapy of diabetics.

Keywords: Catharanthus roseus, Azadirachta indica, Allium sativum, Glimepride, Streptozotocin, Diabetic rat

Location: Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-01-2007

End Date: 00-12-2007

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Medicinal Plants

Objectives:

To evaluate the comparative efficacy of Neem, Nayantara, Garlic and Glimepride (Amaryl^®) on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Methodology:

The experiment was performed in the Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh for a period of 12 months from January to December 2007 to evaluate the comparative efficacy of Neem, Nayantara, Garlic and Glimepride (Amaryl^®) on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Thirty mixed albino rats, long Evan’s strain (Ratus norvegicus) aged between 3 to 4 months and weighing between 200 to 300 g were collected from International Centre of Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B). All the rats were grouped into six, each containing 5. Each group of rats was housed at serene bottomed wire cages arranged in rows and kept in the animal house of Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The animals were fed with pellet at a recommended dose of 100 g/kg as advised by ICDDR, B. Drinking water was supplied ad libitum. The rats were maintained in this condition for a period of three weeks to acclimatize them prior to experimental uses. Streptozotocin (STZ) induced hyperglycemia has been described as a useful experimental model to study the activity of hypoglycemic agents. After overnight fasting (deprived of food for 16 hours had been allowed free access to water) diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of STZ dissolved in 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer pH 4.5, at a dose of 55 mg/kg body weight in five groups of rats. The control rats received the same amount of 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer. The animals were allowed to drink 5% glucose solution overnight to overcome the drug-induced hypoglycemia. After a week time for the development of diabetes, the rats with diabetes having glycosuria and hyperglycemia (blood glucose range of above 250-300 mg /dl) were considered as diabetic rats and used for the further experiments. Fresh nayantara, neem leaves were collected from Medicinal Plants Garden, Department of Pharmacology, BAU, Mymensingh and garlic seeds was purchased from the K.R. market, BAU campus. The plant materials were measured separately by electronic balance and grinded with mortar and pestle. Finally, the extracts were mixed with 50 ml distilled water separately and stirred to make homogenous mixture and then filtered through silk cloth and stored in refrigerator until used. The oral antidiabetic drug Glimepride (Aventis, Bangladesh Limited) was bought from K.R. Market of Bangladesh Agricultural University Campus Mymensingh. The Glimpride was dissolved in distilled water to make a concentration of 100 mg/ml. The Glimepride was given orally @ 100 mg/kg bwt daily for 14 days. In our study, we used total 30 rats (five normal rats and twenty-five STZ induced diabetic rats). The diabetic rats were divided into five groups having five rats in each: Group A Normal control, Group B Diabetic control, Group C Diabetic rats treated with NyLEt (1g/kg bwt), Group D Diabetic rats treated with NLEt (500 mg/kg bwt). Group E Diabetic rats treated with GSEt (1g/kg bwt) and Group F Diabetic rats treated with Amaryl^®(100 mg/kg bwt) orally for 14 days. Body weight of all treated rats (4 groups), normal control and diabetic control groups were taken on pre and post i.e. day 0, 7^th and 14^th days of post treatment by electronic balance. Blood glucose level of all treated rats (4 groups), normal control and diabetic control groups were taken pre and post i.e. day 0, 7^th and 14^th days of post treatment by Glucotrend kit machine. Data was expressed as Mean ± SD of means. Statistical analysis was made by using unpaired t-test.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2007), 5 (1 & 2): 99–102.

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v5i1.1324

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The herbal preparations of plants significantly increased body weight gain and decreased blood glucose as compared with the patent drug. The present study clearly indicated the significant antidiabetic activity of Catharanthus Roseus, Azadirachta indica and Allium sativum and supports the traditional usage of the herbal preparations by Ayurvedic physicians for the therapy of diabetics.

Knowledge Management: Journal