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Quantifying the Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization and Acid Phosphatase Activity in Grass Biomass Production

J. Sultana
Soil Quality Group, Soil Biology and Biological Soil Quality Organic Agriculture, Wageningen University, the Netherlands

M. N. A. Siddique
Soil Resource Development Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important plant nutrients but a large portion of soil phosphorus (P) is not available to plants due to sequestration in organic forms. The aim of study is to quantify the role of acid phosphatase activity (APA) and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization (AMF) in plant biomass and their correlation. A pot experiment of eight different grass species were grown on a strongly P-fixing soil with two P treatments was established. AMF colonization significantly differs with P treatments and species had no significant effect, although P treatments and species had no significant effect on acid phosphatase activity and pH. A positive correlation between APA and dry weight in P deficient condition while APA and dry weight positively correlated to pH at fertilization with P. P deficient conditions encourage AMF colonization. The lack of significance differences between species suggests that higher variability of APA may be due to higher pH. Due to same back ground and nutritional status, species and P treatments not any impact on pH although P fertilization had a significant effect on dry weight indicating that plants require P for optimum growth. Species had positive impact on dry weight due to different resource use efficiency. P fertilization effect declines over time due to highly P-fixing capacity of soil. The variation of APA occurs due to pH changes, this positive correlation between dry weight and pH effect can be linked to variability of nutrient content.

Keywords: APA, AMF colonization, Dry weight, pH, Phosphorus and Grass

Location: Unifarm greenhouse at Radix, Wageningen University, Nederland

Start Date: 00-00-2012

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer

Objectives:

To quantify the role of acid phosphatase activity (APA) and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization (AMF) in plant biomass and their correlation

Methodology:

Experimental site and soil: The experiment was carried out at the unifarm greenhouse which is located at Radix, Wageningen University. The soil characteristics included pH 5.6, organic matter 8.5%, total P 823 mg/kg, organic P 439 mg/kg and contains 67% sand, 22% silt and 11% clay. After harvesting soil samples were collected for measuring phosphatase enzyme activity and roots were collected for counting mycorrhizal colonization which was done in the lab of Atlas. For this study samples were collected from a PhD experiment. Experimental design and management: Two factors were tested namely- fertilization and species of grass. The treatment which was taken into account in this experiment are summarized. The experiment was set up in a “Factorial” block design with three replications. Experimental factors with levels: Eight different grass species and strongly P-fixing soil with two P treatments (with P fertilizer and without P fertilizer) was established. Laboratory analysis: The laboratory analysis were carried out on the basis of two parameters. These are: enzyme activity and mycorrhizal colonization. All these parameters was analyzed according to fertilization and species. The soil was collected from pot experiment and stored in air tight sealed plastic pots for analyzing. The enzyme activity was determined using method. The roots also collected from that pot experiment. Root colonization analysis and procedure, Enzyme activity analysis and procedure were done according to method. Dry weight: The data of dry weight were used from a PhD student (Ros Mart) of research group soil quality, Wageningen University. Dry weight data from four harvesting time, these were as follows, harvest 1 was done after 27 days, harvest 2 was done after 48 days, harvest 3 was done after 76 days and Harvest 4 was done after 96 days. Measurement of pH: Actually, pH is a negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity that means pH= -log (H+). For measuring pH at first placed 5 g of soil sample and 25 ml of 0.01M Calcium Chloride (CaCl₂) into sample vial of polyethylene and shacked the suspension 60+10 minutes by a shaker. The mixture leaved for at least 1 hour for settle down. Finally, the pH measured by a pH measurement machine. Data analysis: Parameters data were collected and entered into excel for advance processing. At first data were verified for normality. Data were analyzed using Genstat 14^th edition, VSN International . Two-way ANOVA was carried out to determine the main factors, grass species and P treatment and their interaction. Values varying more than two times the standard deviation to the average were considered as outliers. A Turkey post-hoc multiple comparisons were used to test for significance between different treatments. All experimental data was analyzed by two-way ANOVA at 5% significance level. The relationships between acid phosphatase activity (APA), AMF colonization (%), pH and dry weight were analyzed with correlation coefficient using excel.

Source of Information: J. Mole. Stud. Medici. Res. 01(01): 01-15, (2015)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

AMF colonization significantly differs with P treatments; especially P deficient condition encourages AMF colonization although species had no significant effect on AMF. In case of APA and pH either P treatments or species had no significant effect. The lack of significance differences between species suggests that higher variability of APA may be due to higher pH. Due to same back ground and nutritional status, species and P treatments not any impact on p^H. P treatments significantly increase dry weight but the impression disappears over time due to highly P-fixing capacity of soil. Species had positive impact on dry weight due to different resource use efficiency. Acid phosphatase activity correlated positively to dry matter under P deficiency condition. P deficient condition enhances APA which may be directly correlated to dry weight. APA and dry weight positively correlated to p^H at fertilization with P. The variation of dry weight can be linked to variability of nutrient content due to p^H changes.

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