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Seroprevalence of Newcastle Disease Virus in Backyard Chickens at Gazipur District of Bangladesh

Hossain MB
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4202, Bangladesh

Islam MZ
Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4202, Bangladesh

Bari MS
Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4202, Bangladesh

Torab MA
DVM Student
Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4202, Bangladesh

Mondal MAH
Doctor’s
Poultry and Dairy Laboratory, Mawna Chourasta, Sreepur, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of Newcastle disease (ND) in backyard chickens at Gazipur district of Bangladesh. Individual serum sample was collected from clinically healthy and non-immunized backyard chickens in four randomly selected upazilla (Sreepur, Kapasia, Kaliakor and Gazipur sadar) under Gazipur district. A total of two hundred samples (50 from each upazila) were collected from October 2009 to February 2010. Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test was used to determine titer of antibodies against Newcastle disease virus. The mean log2 HI titer to NDV in blood sera of the study population were found 5.54, 6.25, 4.38, 5.32 and seroprevalence were 42.53%, 45.99%, 31.91%, and 37.82% in Sreepur, Kapasia, Kaliakor and Gazipur sadar upazilas respectively. The overall antibody titer and seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus was recorded 5.37 and 39.56% respectively. Further detailed study focusing on Newcastle Disease (ND) virus strain identification and improved management packages to reduce the prevalence of Newcastle Disease (ND) are recommended.

Keywords: Chickens, Newcastle Disease, Seroprevalence

Location: Gazipur District of Bangladesh (Sreeper, Kapasia, Kapliakor and Gazipur sadar)

Start Date: 00-10-2009

End Date: 00-02-2010

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Chicken

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to estimate the seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test of the backyard chickens.

Methodology:

Study area and study design: A cross-sectional study was conducted on backyard chickens sampled from four randomly selected upazilla (Sreeper, Kapasia, Kapliakor and Gazipur sadar) under Gazipur district. Sample size and sampling: A total of 200 blood samples (2 ml) were collected from the wing vein of birds (Unvaccinated, mature and apparently healthy chickens) belonging to four upazilla (50 from each) after giving identification number to all birds. From randomly sampled birds 2ml of blood were collected from the wing vein and laid nearly 45º angle at room temperature for about 1 hour to collect serum and subsequently stored at -8ºC until used. Sample analysis: The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was performed to detect antibodies against the ND virus. The HI test was done following procedures outlined by the Office International des Epizooties. Briefly, the test was carried out by running twofold dilutions of equal volumes (0.025 ml) of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and test serum (0.025ml of 1% in V-bottomed micro titer plates. Four hemagglutinating units (HAU) of virus/antigen were added to each well and the plates were left at room temperature for a minimum of 30 minutes. Finally, 0.025ml of 1% (volume/volume) chicken red blood cells (RBCs) were added to each well and after gentle mixing, allowed to settle for about 40 minutes at room temperature. The HI titer was read from the highest dilution of serum causing complete inhibition of 4 HAU of antigen. Agglutination was assessed by tilting the pales. Only those wells in which the RBCs stream at the same rate as the control wells (containing 0.025 ml RBCs and 0.05 ml PBS only) were considered to show inhibition. Statistical analysis: The data were recorded and imported to Microsoft office excel worksheet 2007. The data were analyzed to calculate the prevalence of ND by using Microsoft office excel worksheet 2007.

Source of Information: International Journal of Natural Sciences (2013), 3(1-4): 22-25

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.ijns.net/Archives/volume_three_issue_one2four/article%205.pdf

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the study it was demonstrated that the risk of backyard chicken flocks being seropositive for Newcastle disease virus increased with increasing age of the flock, increasing proximately to the nearest neighbor poultry farm and presence of wild and migratory birds in the vicinity of the backyard chicken flocks. High prevalence of ND was found in Kapasia upazilla, so proper biosecurity and control measures should be taken in kapasia upazilla and regular vaccination should be performed in this area. Besides, commercial poultry become facing high risk due to spread of Newcastle disease virus by backyard poultry. So proper potential measures for the control of ND should be taken to save the backyard chickens.

Knowledge Management: Journal