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Genetic Diversity of Bottle Gourd Germplasm

AKM Quamruzzaman

L. Akter

M.T. Rahman

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Thirty bottle gourd germplasm originating from different local and exotic sources were subjected to cluster analysis. The germplasm were constellated into five distinct groups with the range of 1 germplasms in cluster I to 12 in cluster IV. The inter-cluster distance in all cases was larger than the intra-cluster distance suggesting wider genetic diversity among the germplasm of different groups. The maximum inter-cluster distance (10.356) was observed between germplasm of cluster I and III followed by cluster I and II (9.936) and the minimum was found between germplasm of cluster IV and V (3.176). The highest intra cluster value (0.788) was observed in cluster II due to the presence of variations among the germplasm. Mean performance of different clusters revealed that cluster III recorded the highest or lowest desirable mean values for number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant, fruit yield, days to 1st female flower opening, node order to 1st female flower opening, days to 1st harvest, whereas fruit diameter, average fruit weight were in cluster I with the highest means. Therefore, more emphasis should be given on cluster III for selecting germplasm as parents for crossing with the germplasm of cluster I which may produce new recombinants with desired traits.

Keywords: Genetic diversity, Bottle gourd, Germplasm

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) , Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2013

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Bottle gourd

Objectives:

To assess the extent of genetic diversity in 30 bottle gourd germplasm which will help to select prospective parents to develop transgressivesegregate.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Olericulture Division of Horticulture Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) during the winter season 2013-14 with thirty germplasm of bottle gourd. The seeds of these germplasms were sown on the seedbed on 11 September 2013. Twenty days old seedlings were transplanted in the main field on 01 October 2013. The unit plot size was 10.0 x 2.0m maintaining 2.0 x 2.5m spacing and 0.5m drain. The land was fertilized with cowdung, urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum, boric acid and zinc oxide @ 10000, 175, 175, 150, 100, 12 and 12 kg/ha, respectively. The total amount of cow dung, TSP, gypsum, boric acid and zinc oxide and 1/3rd of each of urea and MoP were applied during final land preparation. The rest of urea and MoP were applied in four equal installments at 20, 40, 60 and 80 days after transplanting. The intercultural operations (weeding and irrigation etc.) were done as and when necessary. Data on days to 1st female flower opening, node order to 1st female flower opening, days to 1st harvest, number of fruits per plant, fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), average fruit weight (kg), fruit weight per plant (kg) and fruit yield (t/ha), fruit shape and fruit colour were recorded from three randomly selected plants per germplasm. Plot means for 9 quantitative characters were used for the statistical analysis. Genetic diversity was studied following Mahalanobis’s (1936) generalized distance (D2) extended by Rao (1952). Based on the D² values, the germplasms were grouped into clusters following the method suggested by Tocher (Rao, 1952). Genetic diversity was studied following Mahanalobies (1936) generalized distance (D²) extended by Rao (1952). Statistical analyses were carried out using Genstat 5 software.

Source of Information: Research Report on Horticultural Crops 2013-2014 (Olericulture) HRC, BARI, Gazipur

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The distribution pattern revealed that maximum number of germplasm (12) was included in cluster IV, while cluster I included the minimum (1) germplasm. The inter cluster distances in all of the cases were larger than the intra cluster distances indicating wider diversity among the germplasm of the distant group. The intra cluster distance was maximum in cluster II (0.788) and minimum in cluster V (0.155) indicating the germplasm in cluster II were more heterogeneous and those in cluster V were closely related. . Regarding inter cluster distance, cluster I showed maximum genetic distance with cluster III (10.356) followed by the genetic distance from cluster I and II (9.936) suggesting wide diversity between them and the minimum distance was found between the germplasm of cluster IV and V (3.176). Higher inter distance was also found between cluster II with III (9.553) and cluster I with IV (8.734). Differences in cluster means existed for all the characters. Cluster I recorded the highest mean for fruit diameter (17.00cm) and average fruit weight (2.75kg). Whereas, the maximum undesirable mean values for days to 1st female flower opening (102.00), node order to 1st female flower opening (23.00), days to 1st harvest (107.00) and minimum mean value for fruit length (30.00cm) was recorded by the cluster I. Cluster II was constituted of nine germplasm and exhibited no maximum highest mean value, while minimum mean values were found in number of fruits per plant (5.22), fruit diameter (12.56cm), fruit weight per plant (12.88kg) and fruit yield (25.74t/ha). Though the maximum distances existed between cluster I and II; I and III; II and III but considering group distance and other yield contributing performance, the inter-genotypic crosses between the members of cluster I with that of cluster III would exhibit high heterosis and is also likely to produce new recombinants with desired traits.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings