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Enhancing Residual Benefits of Legumes Through Rhizobial Inoculation on Productivity of Succeeding Rice

M. A. Sattar
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture Po. Box 4, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh.

M.Z. Islam
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture Po. Box 4, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh.

M.B. Hossain
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture Po. Box 4, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Field experiments using ¹⁵N isotope method were conducted to investigate the residual effect of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) inoculated with appropriate strains of rhizobia and fertilized with urea (@ 20 or 40kg N/ha), triple superphosphate (@ 26kg P/ha) and muriate of potash (@ 33kg K/ha) in different combinations on succeeding rice. The efficiency of the legumes varied greatly in their residual effect in increasing grain and straw yield of rice. Inoculation of legumes with their respective rhizobia increased the benefit which was further enhanced when triple superphosphate and muriate of potash were applied with inoculation in preceding legume. Application of urea in legume did not exert any impact on succeeding rice and was identical with uninoculated control. Soybean was more efficient (29%) in increasing the grain yield of rice as compared to chickpea (18%) and lentil (12%). The nitrogen uptake by rice was also found maximum after soybean and minimum after lentil irrespective of inoculation or fertilization. The study clearly indicated that the beneficial effects of legumes on succeeding rice were due to N-conserving effect and carryover of N from the legume residue which was considerably higher with inoculated condition than uninoculated ones.

Keywords: Benefits, Legumes, Productivity, Lentil, Soybean, Rice

Location: Ishurdi

Start Date: 00-00-1997

End Date: 00-00-1999

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice, Legumes, Lentil, Soybean

Objectives:

To assess under field conditions the amount of N fixed by three important legumes viz. lentil, chickpea and soybean and the residual effect of the legumes on a succeeding rice crop.

Methodology:

Field experiments were conducted during 1997-98 and 1998-99 at Ishurdi on a clay loam (Calcareous Dark Grey Floodplain, Sara series) of pH 7.3 (in water) with C 0.68%, total N 0.06%, Olsen's P 11.4 ppm and exchangeable K 0.49 meq.%. The study comprised two consecutive parts as given below. In the first part of the experiment, three legume crops viz. lentil (Lens culinaris Medik), chickpea (Gicer arietinum L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were grown with five treatments. These were: uninoculated control, respective rhizobial inoculant, urea @ 40kg N/ha, Inoculant + PK fertilizer (triple superphosphate @ 26kg P/ha and muriate of potash @ 33kg K/ha) and urea + PK fertilizer. Half of urea @ 20kg N/ha and all PK fertilizers were applied at the time of land preparation. The design of the experiment was a randomized complete block with three replications. For quantification of biological nitrogen fixation potentials of the legumes labelled ammonium sulphate (¹⁵NH₄)₂ SO₄ with 10.5% a.e. @ 20kg N/ha was uniformly sprayed to 1.25 square meter area of the legume plots. The reference crop wheat (Triticum aestivum) received 100 kg N/ha containing 1 % 15N a.e. in the isotopic subplot. Unlabelled urea was applied to remaining part of each plot to keep the N doses uniform for whole of the plot and as per treatment plan. The P and K doses for wheat were at 30kg P/ha and 40kg K/ha, respectively. The size of each of the pots was 3m x 5m. Crops were harvested of physiological maturity. For total N estimation, the aerial parts were dried in an oven at 65ºC±1 and %N was determined using a micro-Kjeldahl digestion apparatus. ¹⁵N/¹⁴N ratio analysis was performed using JASCO N-150 emission spectrophotometer. To calculate the percentage of N derived from fertilizer (%Ndff), percentage of N derived from atmosphere (%Ndfa) and percentage of N derived from soils (%Ndfs), the A value approach of Fried and Broeshart³ and the equations used in Hardarson and associates⁴ were followed. In the second part of the experiment the wheat and legume straws (stems, leaves and roots) were chopped to a length of less than 5 cm and incorporated into the soil after harvesting the experiments. After 21 days of incorporation of the legume and wheat straws, a local transplanted aman rice (variety Hashikalmi) was sown in the same experimental plots where lentil, chickpea and soybean had been sown in the first part of the experiment. Rice was harvested at full maturity. N content of grain and straw was estimated as mentioned above using micro-Kjeldahl digestion. Analysis of variance was performed on the data and means were classified following Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (P<0.05).

Source of Information: Nuclear Science and Applications Vol. 9, (No.1-2), December 2000, pp: 33-36, ISSN 1016-197X

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Funding Source:

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Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study clearly supported the view that the beneficial effects of legumes on succeeding rice were due to N-conserving effect and carry over of N from legume residue which considerably higher with inoculated condition than uninoculated ones.

Knowledge Management: Journal