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Response of Mustard to Irrigation in Saline Soils of Coastal Areas

A. R. Akanda
Chief Scientific Officer
IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur

S. K. Biswas
Senior Scientific Officers,
IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur

S. Mondal
Professor
IWFM, BUET, Dhaka

A. Saleh
Professor
IWFM, BUET, Dhaka

Zofer
Professor
SSD, BAU, Mymenshingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted at the farmer's field of the village, Kulia village in Debhata upazilla of Shatkhira district during the rabi season of 2013-2014 to investigate the response of mustard in saline soils of coastal areas. There four irrigation treatments, i.e, irrigation at initial vegetative stage (farmer's practice) T₁, one irrigation at pre-flowering stage T₂, one irrigation at pod formation stage, T₃ and two irrigation each at pre-flowering and pod formation stage T₄. Although no significant variation was observed among irrigation treatments for the growth parameters but grain and straw yield of mustard were found to be increased with increasing frequencies of irrigation. The highest yield (1.52 t/ha) was achieved from treatment T₄, receiving two irrigation each at pre-flowering and pod formation stages while the lowest (1.42 t/ha) was obtained from farmer's practice (T₁). The highest water productivity (145 kg/m³) was obtained from treatment T₂ that received irrigation at pre-flowering stage while the lowest (1.19 kg/m³) was obtained from treatment T₄ that received two irrigation at pre-flowering and pod formation stages. The salt built-up was minimal at the time of sowing and gradually increased during the later growth stages in all the treatments.

Keywords: Irrigation, Mustard, Salinity

Location: Shatkhira

Start Date: 00-00-2013

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Irrigation scheduling

Objectives:

To record physiological data at different growth stages
To find out the critical growth stages for salinity stress
To find out the effect of salinity on yield

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the farmer's field of Kulia in Debhata in Satkhira district during the rabi season of 2013-2014. The soil was clay loam with field capacity and bulk density of 27% and 1.34 gm/cc, respectively. The irrigation treatments for mustard were:

T₁= Farmers practice (Irrigation at initial vegetative stage)

T₂= One irrigation at pre-flowering stage

T₃= One irrigation at pod formation stage

T₄= Two irrigation each at pre-flowering and pod formation stages

The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The experimental field was supplied with STW water for irrigation having electrical conductivity ranging from 1.7 to 3.4 dS/m. The experimental blocks were separated by a distance of 2.0 meter and the plots in each block were separated by a buffer of 1.0 meter serving as a barrier to prevent lateral movement of water from one plot to another. The unit plot size was 5m × 3m. Recommended dose of fertilizer for mustard (N₁₂₀P₃₀K₅₀S₂₀B₁Zn_4.5 Kg/ha) in the form of urea, triple super phosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum, borax, and zinc sulphate was used. Decomposed cow dung was also used at the rate of 5.0 t/ha. Two thirds of urea and all other fertilizers were applied at the time of final land preparation, while remaining one third urea was applied at the time of first irrigation. Seeds of BARI Sharisha-14 were sown on 15 December 2013 with a row spacing of 30 cm. Thinning was done at 14 days after emergence of seedlings to maintain proper plant-to-plant distance and to avoid inter-plant competition. Weeding was done manually. The crop was protected against diseases and pests by spraying recommended dose of pesticides.Soil moisture was monitored prior to irrigation events and measured amount of water was applied according to the treatments. Soil salinity was monitored with portable EC meter at a weekly basis. The crop was harvested on 03 February 2014 and data on yield and yield parameters of mustard were collected at harvest. Soil samples were collected. The soil salinity and water salinity were monitored by portable EC meter. Finally, analysis of variance of the growth and yield parameters of mustard was done using MSTAT-C.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report, IWM Division, BARI--2013-14

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Plant population per square meter did not vary significantly among the treatments as irrigation was started from 15 days after germination. However, the highest plant population (92/m²) was observed in the treatment irrigated two times each at pre-flowering and pod formation stages (T₄). Irrigation at only pre-flowering stage (T₂) produced the lowest plant populations per square meter (79/m²). Plant height increased with increasing the number of irrigation. The highest plant height (86.0 cm) was recorded in the treatment T₄ while the lowest was in treatment T₁. Yield contributing parameter like pod/plant varied significantly with the different irrigation schedules. The highest pod/plant (97/m²) was obtained under the treatment that received a total of 2 irrigation at pre-flowering and pod formation stages followed by treatment T₃ with irrigation only at pre-flowering stage. Though treatments T₁, T₂ and T₃ received only one irrigation but farmers practice treatment T₁ had the lower pod/plant compared to T₂ and T₃. Though seed/pod and 1000-grain weight did not vary significantly but their trend was similar with pod/plant, in spike length, spikelet/spike and 1000-grain weight. Like other parameters, grain and straw yields were found to be increased with increasing frequencies of irrigation, but no significant variation was observed among the treatments. The highest seed yield (1.52 t/ha) of mustard was obtained from T₄, receiving 2 irrigation at pre-flowering and pod formation stages, while the lowest (1.42 t/ha) was obtained from farmers practice treatment T₁. On average, the seed yield increased by 4.92, 1.40, and 7.04% in treatments T₂, T₃, and T₄ respectively over the control treatment, T_1. Like seed yield, irrigation had a clear effect on straw yield increased from control treatment to the treatment that received two irrigation. Irrigation at pre-flowering and pod formation stages enhanced crop growth with higher number of pod/plant, seed/pod and 1000-grain weight that resulted in higher grain yield. Unlike seed and straw yield, harvest index (HI) was found the highest in treatment T₂ and the lowest was found in T₃ that received irrigation at pod formation stage. The salt built-up was minimal at the time of sowing and gradually increased during the later growth stages in all the treatments. Irrigation had insignificant effect on changing the soil salinity. But there was a tendency to decrease the soil salinity with increasing the number and amount of irrigation water. Thus, no difference in salinity between treatments was observed till vegetative stage when first irrigation was applied. Differences in salinity among different treatments were evident in later stages with higher salinity in soils that received less irrigation water and lower salinity that received more irrigation. On average, the higher salinity was observed at later growth stages due to the gradual built-up of salts as time progresses.

Soil salinity has a significant effect on yield and yield component of mustard, yield loss due to soil salinity can be minimized if the crops are irrigated properly. BARI Sharisha-14 can be promoted in medium saline area having irrigation facilities.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings