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Field Resistance of Chilli Cultivars Against Anthracnose Disease Caused by Colletotrichum Capsici

M.S. Rahman
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Bangladesh

M.S. Akhter
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Bangladesh

M.A. Maya
United Graduate School of Agriculture, Gifu University, Japan

A.H.M.A. Rahman
Department of Plant Pathology, BSMRAU, Gazipur-1706

A.M. Akanda
Department of Plant Pathology, BSMRAU, Gazipur-1706

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Anthracnose of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) caused by Colletotrichum capsici is a major fungal disease in Bangladesh. In this study, the causal pathogen was identified based on symptoms, morphological characteristics including fruiting bodies, conidia as well as pathogenicity test. Among the eleven chilli cultivars tested in this study all the cultivars except V8 /comilla-2 were found to be susceptible by C. capsici. However, the incidence of anthracnose was varied from 2.06-17.17% depending on the cultivar while the highest incidence were found in V9 /kustia followed by V4 /Jamalpur and V1/BARI Marich-1. Moreover, the fruit infection at the matured stage was recorded as 2.53 to 11.57% while highest was in V6 /chandpur and the lowest was in V8 /comilla-2. Due to anthracnose infection plant height and canopy diameter reduction were recorded as 0 to 36.39% and 0 to 35.74%, respectively while lowest was in V8 /comilla-2 and highest was in V1/BARI Marich-1. Marketable yield lose were observed as 2.53 to 11.57% after C. capsici infection where highest was recorded in V6/chandpur and lowest was in V8/comilla- Based on the result of field performance it seemed that field resistance was found in V8/commilla- 2 variety against anthracnose.

Keywords: Chilli, Anthracnose, Colletotrichum capsici

Location: Research farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-11-2006

End Date: 00-05-2007

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Chilli

Objectives:

To identify the casual pathogen of chilli anthracnose/die back or ripe fruit rot including its incidence under field condition, marketable yield loss and screen the chilli cultivars to find out the resistant source which is the prereqisite before development and deployment of resistant varieties.

Methodology:

This study was conducted at research farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Bangladesh during November 2006 to May 2007. The soil of the experimental field belongs to Salna series under the Agroecological Zone (AEZ)-28: Madhupur Tract. The pH of the soil ranges from 6 to 6.5. Popularly cultivated ten loal cultivar namely Chittagong (V₂), Comilla-1 (V₃), Jamalpur (V₄), Gazipur (V₅), Chandpur (V₆), Pusa jawla (V₇), Comilla-2 (V₈), Kustia (V₉), Bogra (V₁₀) and Balujhuri (V₁₁) along with one Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) released variety BARI (V₁)/Marich-1 were tested in this study. Isolation and Identification of the Causal Pathogen - The fungus was isolated from infected plant parts and fruits of chilli following standard phytopathological procedures (Dasgupta, 1981; Agostini and Timmer, 1992). The infected plant parts were cut into small pieces (1 cm²) and then surface sterilized by 1% NaOCl solution for 2-3 minutes then washed three times with sterile deionized water to remove the NaOCl. The cut pieces were then placed onto sterilized water agar (20 mL) in glass Petri dishes and incubated at room temperature until acervuli formation. Conidia produced in acervulus came out in the form of ooze and were placed onto PDA and incubated at room temperature for 7 days. The pathogen was identified following specialized published literature. Inoculation of Chilli Plants and Fruits with C. casici. - Chilli plants grown in the net house at seven weeks old were inoculated with the spore suspension (5 × 105 conidia mL^-1) through micro sprayer. About 0.1 mL of Tween-20 added to the spore suspension before spraying the inoculums. The inoculated plants were then placed under polyethylene covering and watered periodically through sprayer to maintain high humidity up to 48 hours of inoculation. The plants were inspected every day for two weeks to observe symptom development. The symptomatic leaves were collected and carried to the laboratory for isolation and identification of the pathogen to confirm either the disease was caused by the inoculated pathogen or not. In case of fruit inoculation, healthy ripe fruits of chilli were surface sterilized with 70% ethanol followed by washing with sterilized distilled water for three/four times. Samples were injured softly by flame sterilized multipointed needles. Spore suspension were then dropped carefully by Pasteur pipette onto injured sample and incubated at room temperature for 5 days. After symptoms development reisolation was done for confirmation either the disease was caused by inoculated pathogen or not. Disease Incidence - Disease incidence were calculated by using the following formula: Diseases incidence (%) = (X₁/X₂) x 100, Where, X₁= Total no of infected plants, X₂= Total no of plants. Measurement of Canopy Diameter (cm) - Canopy diameter of plants was measured by average length of North-South and East-West coverage of fully matured chilli plants. Percent Reduction of Growth and Yield Contributing Characters - Percent reduction of the growth and yield contributing characters were calculated by using the following formula, R = (Y- Y1)/Y, Where R = Percent reduction of growth per yield contributing character, Y = Growth per yield contributing characters of healthy plants, and . Y1 = Growth per yield contributing characters of infected plants. Data Analysis - Data were analyzed by MSTAT-C program and means were compared according to Duncan,s Multiple Range Test. Before analysis, data were transformed as and when necessary following Arsine transformation.

Source of Information: Thai Journal of Agricultural Science 2011, 44(4): 243-250

Article Link (Online Journal): www.thaiagj.org

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the study, it is concluded that the cultivar V8/comilla -2 having some sorts of capability of filed resistance which might be used as a breeding material.

Knowledge Management: Journal