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Effect of Irrigation and Mulch on the Yield of Maize in Coastal Areas

S. S. A. KAMAR
Scientific Officer
RARS, Rahmatpur, Barisal

M. A. R. AKANDA
Chief Scientific Officer
IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur

M. S. UDDIN
Principal Scientific Officer
RARS, Rahmatpur, Barisal

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was conducted at the farmer's field located at Chandpasa union close to Babugonj Upazilla of Barisal District to determine the experimental evidence of the effect of irrigation management and straw mulch on the yield of maize. The experiment consisted of two factors: irrigation and mulch. The irrigation and mulch treatments were: Main plot: Irrigation (4): I₁: Farmer practice, I₂: One irrigation at 4 leaf stage, I₃: Two irrigation at 4 leaf stage and 8-10 leaf stage, I₄: Three irrigation at 4 leaf stage, 8-10 and leaf stage and tasseling stage, Subplot: Mulch (4), M₁:( No mulch), M₂: 1cm mulch, M₃: 2cm mulch, M₄: 3cm mulch. The variety of test crop was BARI hybrid Maize-9. The treatment I₃ produced the highest grain yield of 6.68 t/ha and I₁(farmer practice) produced the lowest yield of 6.00 t/ha. The treatment M₃ produced the highest grain yield of 6.47 t/ha and M₁(no mulch) produced the lowest yield of 6.19 t/ha. The highest grain yield of 7.45 t/ha was obtained for I₃M₃ and the lowest of 4.79 t/ha was obtained for I₄M₄. The highest water use efficiency for grain production, WUE (37.44 kg ha/cm), was obtained at I₁ and the lowest (13.94 kg/ha/cm) was obtained at I₄. The highest water use efficiency for grain production, WUE (35.76 kg/ha/cm), was obtained at M₄ and the lowest (29.43 kg/ ha/cm) was obtained at M₁. The highest BCR (1.44) was obtained from I₃M₃.

Keywords: Mulch, Irrigation, Maize

Location: Barisal

Start Date: 00-00-2014

End Date: 00-00-2015

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Maize, Irrigation scheduling

Objectives:

To investigate the effect of straw mulch and irrigation on yield of maize
To investigate the soil moisture content and water use efficiency during the growing stages of maize.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at Chandpasa, Babugong, Barisal during 27 November, 2014 to 7 May, 2014 to study the effects of straw mulch on irrigation management and the affiliation between yield and water use of maize. The test crop was high yielding variety of maize: BARI hybrid Maize 9 (BHM−9). This variety is popular due to their high yield potential and stress tolerant characteristics. The recommended doses of urea, triple super phosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum, zinc sulphate, boric acid, cowdung at the rate of 500, 240, 180, 240, 10, 5 kg/ha and 6 t/ha were applied. One-third of urea and the entire doses of the other fertilizers were applied at the time of final land preparation. The rest two-thirds of urea was top dressed in two equal splits at 30 and 50 DAS. The first weeding was done manually at 20 DAS and also the thinning was done on the same day keeping only one healthy plant per hill; the rest of the plants were uprooted carefully to avoid disturbance to the nearby plants. At the next time, weeding was done only at 64 DAS during the growing season of the crop. The experiment consisted of two factors: irrigation and mulch. Irrigation and mulch had four levels or treatments. Irrigation was scheduled based on the depth of water required. The irrigation treatments were allocated to the main plot and the mulches in the subplot.

Irrigation was applied by using power sprayer and no excess water was applied in the plots. In this case volume of water was measured by the following equations.

V= a x d (m³)

Here, V= Volume of water in m³

a= area of the plot in m²

d= depth of water applied (m)

The following data were collected from the sample plants:

Plant height:
Cob length:
Cob perimeter:
Number of grains per cob:
Grain yield:
Straw yield:
Hundred (100)-grain weight:

Harvest index (HI) was the ratio of the grain yield and biological / biomass yield. The biological yield was the sum of the grain and straw yields. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique with MSTAT statistical package and the mean differences were adjusted by LSD.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report, IWM Division, BARI--2014-15

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results obtained in the experiment have been presented, interpreted and discussed in this chapter under relevant headings and sub-headings with necessary tables and figures. Analysis of variance of different data demonstrates statistical significance of the effects of different irrigation levels and mulches on the growth and yield of maize. The effects of different irrigation levels, mulches on maize cultivation have been elaborated. The highest plant height of 228.1 cm was obtained at I₄ (4 irrigation) and the lowest was 217.6 cm at I₂ (One irrigation). In case of mulch treatments, the highest plant height of 226.4 cm was obtained at M₁ (No mulch) and the lowest was 215.8 cm at I₄ (3 cm mulch). Although the plant heights varied to some extent for different irrigation sequences (treatments), no significant difference was observed among them. Among all treatments, the highest cob length of 21.05 cm was obtained at I₂ (1 irrigation) and the lowest of 19.67 cm was obtained at I₃(2 irrigation). In case of cob perimeter, the highest value of 3.572 cm was at I₁ (Farmer practice) and the lowest value of 3.427 cm was at I₄ (3 irrigation). On the other side, the highest cob length of 21.56 cm was obtained at M₄ (3 cm mulch) and the lowest of 19.14 cm was obtained at M₁(No mulch). The highest number of grains per cob (572) was obtained at I₃ and the lowest (511) was at I₁ (Farmer practice). The highest number of grains per cob (555) was obtained at M₃ and the lowest (526) was at M₁ (No mulch). The highest 100-grain weight (37.72 g) was obtained at I₃ (2 irrigation) and the lowest (35.76 g) was obtained at I₁(Farmer practice). On the other side, the highest 100-grain weight (37.47 g) was obtained at M₃ (3cm mulch) and the lowest (34.69 g) was obtained at M₁(No mulch). The treatment I₃ produced the highest grain yield of 6.68 t/ha and I₁(farmer practice) produced the lowest yield of 6.00 t/ha. The treatment M₃ produced the highest grain yield of 6.47 t/ha and M₁(no mulch) produced the lowest yield of 6.20 t/ha. However, irrigation and mulch treatments had no significant effect on the production of grain yield of maize. The grain yield of maize was poor due to low fertility of soil. The highest biological yield (19.09 t/ha) was obtained at I₃ (2 irrigation) and the lowest (16.40 t/ ha) was in I₁. The highest biological yield (19.10 t/ha) was obtained from M₃ (2 irrigation) and the lowest (17.47 t/ha) was at M₂

Apparently from one year study, the grain yield of maize (7.4 t/ha) was found the highest for two irrigation each at 4 leaf stage and 8 -10 leaf stages having straw mulch thickness of 2 cm. The lowest yield (4.79 t/ha) was found from three irrigation each at 4 leaf stage, 8-10 leaf stage and tasseling stage with 3.0 cm mulch. The harvest index was found the highest for two irrigation each at 4 leaf stage and 8-10 leaf stage with 3.0 cm mulch. As this is one year study, definite conclusion can be made after further trial.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings