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Estimation of Crop Co-efficient Values of Sunflower by Lysimeter Study

A. J. Mila
Scientific Officer,
IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur

A. R. Akand
Chief Scientific Officer
IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur

S. K. Biswas
Senior Scientific Officer
IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted with sunflower (Variety: BARI Surjomukhi-2) crop during the month of mid- November to mid-March in a lysimeter (1×1m size) to measure the daily evapotranspiration of the crop (ETc) and crop coefficient (Kc) value from 2014 to 2015 at the Irrigation and Water Management Division of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur. The study was conducted using four types of irrigation schedule: 10, 15, 20, and 25 days allowing drainage from four lysimeter tanks. Irrigation at 15 days interval produced highest yield and was considered suitable for estimating ETc and Kc. Seasonal highest ETc was found at 265.01mm.The Kc values of sunflower at initial, development, mid-season and late season were estimated to be 0.70, 1.49, 1.95, and 0.50. These values were found higher than the values recommended by FAO. ETo was estimated by CROPWAT using climatic data and location information. The variations found might be due to locational aspects,climate and environmental factors.

Keywords: Evapotranspiration, CROPWAT, Lysimeter, Sunflower, Crop coefficient

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2014

End Date: 00-00-2015

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Sunflower

Objectives:

To determine crop coefficient of sunflower at different growth stages.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in a micro-lysimeter at the research farm of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, during the year 2014 - 2015. It was carried out in a warm-dry climate, having an average temperature of 20.70°C, relative humidity 74.12 %, sunshine hour 10.42 and measured evaporation of 2.96 mm day^-1.Total rainfall during the experimental period was about 9 mm. The soil texture of the experimental field was silty clay loam, with a field capacity and bulk density of 29.5% and 1.5 gm cc^-1 respectively. Sunflower (variety BARI Surjomukhi-2) was sown in a 1×1m micro-lysimeter at a spacing of 70 × 25 cm on 17 November. The same crop simultaneously was also sown adjacent to the lysimeter tank with the objective of creating a favorable atmospheric condition. Recommended fertilizer, intercultural operation and other necessities were provided according to the requirement. The crop was harvested on 10 March 2015. The following treatments were; T₁ = Irrigation at 10 days interval allowing drainage, T₂ = Irrigation at 15 days interval allowing drainage, T₃ = Irrigation at 20 days interval allowing drainage and T₄ = Irrigation at 25 days interval allowing drainage.

The micro–lysimeter contained 4-tanks, with an area of 1 sq. meter. In the system, crop was grown in a completely controlled environment following the design of Khan et al. (1992). Thus there was no need to further replicate. The same system was also used by Islam and Hossain, 2010 in estimating Crop coefficient value of hybrid maize at Gazipur. The crop was irrigated according to the design of the experiment. Measured quantity of water was applied to the tank by assuring drainage. The adjacent plot outside of the tank was also irrigated. Drainage water from lysimeter was measured by graduated cylinder and ET_c was calculated. Prior to irrigation, soil moisture was measured to determine the depletion of soil water. The volume of rainfall was collected drainage and the stored soil moisture during the period under consideration were subtracted from the total rainfall to obtain crop evapotranspiration (Et_c).

Source of Information: Annual Research Report, IWM Division, BARI--2014-15

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the study,crop coefficient values of BARI Surjumukhi-2 were calculated to be 0.70, 1.49, 1.95, and 0.50 at the initial, development, mid-season, and late season stages of sunflower at Gazipur. The estimated values of crop coefficients for sunflower varied considerably at all the stages from those recommended by FAO. The variationsmight be due to location and environmental effects on crop growth and yield. However, the estimated location specific crop coefficient values were preferred to be used in irrigation planning and estimation of crop water requirements.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings