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Effect of Straw Management and Nitrogen Fertilization on Root Growth and Root Characteristics of Wheat Through Raised Bed System on a Low N Calcareous Soil of Bangladesh

M.I. Hossain

M. Osaki

M.S. Haque

M.M.H. Khan

N.M. Rahmatullah

M.H. Rashid
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field research was conducted at the Regional Wheat Research Center, Rajshahi Bangladesh, during November 2004 to March 2005 in order to study the effect of raised bed, straw management and nitrogen fertilization on the root growth and root characteristics of wheat. The experiment was executed in the strip split-plot design comprising the combination of the two methods of tillage options arranged as a main plot as horizontal basis, two levels of straw management as a sub plot as vertical basis and five rates of nitrogen application distributed to a sub sub plot. Tillage options, straw management and N application have created a remarkable impact on root length density, root weight density and root-to-shoot ratio of wheat. Root length density and root diameter in the surface layer increased with raised bed, straw mulch and N application. Root growth in the subsurface layers increased when either straw mulch or N application was limited while the other was in the optimum level. Root-to-shoot ratio was negatively correlated with straw mulch and N application. Raised bed and straw mulch have remarkably reduced soil strength in the surface layer, but N application could not create any impact on soil strength.

Keywords: Strip split-plot design, Straw mulch, Soil strength, Tillage options, N application

Location: Regional Wheat Research Center, Rajshahi Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-11-2004

End Date: 00-03-2005

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To clarify the root growth and characteristics of wheat in relation to straw mulch and N fertilization on a low N calcareous soil of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The experiment was studied at the Regional Wheat Research Center, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. The trial was initiated during November 2004 with winter wheat. The experiment plot contains low organic matter (0.83%) and very low N (0.11). The experiment was designed with 20 treatments combinations of two tillage options (raised beds and conventional tillage practices in the main plots, two straw management (straw mulch and no straw mulch) in sub plots and five N levels such as 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200% of the recommended rate (100 kg N ha^-1) in a sub-sub-plot with three replications. A blanket dose of 25 kg ha^-1 available phosphorus from triple super phosphate, 33 kg ha^-1 soluble potassium from murate of potash, and 20 kg ha^-1 sulphur from gypsum in wheat was used. A common dose of 1.5 kg ha^-1 boron was also used. The entire amount of phosphorus, potassium, sulphur and boron was applied before seeding. Two third of the nitrogen was applied before seeding and the remaining 1/3rd nitrogen was applied at crown root initiation stage. Wheat (var. Shatabdi) was planted at a seeding rate of 100 kg ha^-1 in late November and harvested in late March. In bed-planted wheat seeds were sown in two rows, 30 cm apart and each plot consists of four-raised beds of 65-cm wide (furrow to furrow). One weeding was done after 35 days after seeding. The crop was harvested by cutting a 6.5 m2 portion at the center of each micro-plot for wheat. Data were analyzed for variance (ANOVA) using three factors randomized complete using MSTAT-C. Treatment means were compared using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at P ≤ 0.05.

Source of Information: Thai Journal of Agricultural Science 2008, 41(1-2): 45-52

Article Link (Online Journal): www.thaiagj.org

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Wheat root responded remarkably to raised bed, straw mulch and N application. Root length density and root diameter at the surface layer increase with raised bed, straw mulch and N application. Root weight density increases slightly with straw mulch but the increment becomes significantly high by applying N up to 150 kg ha-1. Root-to-shoot ratio decreases with raised bed, straw mulch and N application. Root growth in the subsurface layers increases when one of the factors (raised bed, straw mulch or N) is limited while the other is in the optimum level.

Knowledge Management: Journal