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Effect of Potassium Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Ginger (zingiber Officinale) Grown on a K Deficient Terrace Soil of Level BARInd Tract (aez 25) in Northern Bangladesh

Akhter, S.
Principal Scientific Officer
Soil Science Division, BARI, Gazipur

S. Noor
Director
TCRC, BARI, Gazipur

M.S. Islam
Ex. Director General
BARI, Gazipur

M.M. Masud
Senior Scientific Officer
Soil Science Division, BARI, Gazipur

M.R. Talukder
Scientific Officer
Soil Science Division, BARI, Gazipur

M.M. Hossain
Scientific Officer
Spice Research Center, BARI, Bogra

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study presents the results of a field experiment on the effects of potassium (K) fertilization of ginger ( Zingiber officinale ) on a light textured K deficient soil (Terrace Soil of the Level Barind Tract (AEZ 25) at Shibganj, Bogra) at the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute’s (BARI) Spices Research Center (SRC). The work was carried out over two growing seasons (2010-2011 and 2011- 2012) to establish the optimum application rate of K to maximize yield and nutrient uptake (var. BARI Ada-1) under conditions in which an adequate supply of all other nutrients was supplied, and to draw up a K balance sheet for K utilization by the crop. Five treatments were compared including a control without K application T₁ =K₀ control, T₂ =K₄₀, T₃ =K₈₀, T₄ =K₁₂₀ and T₅ =K₁₆₀ kg ha^-1. The plots were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), each treatment with three replications. A blanket dose of N₁₃₃ P₂₃ S₁₂ Zn₂ kg ha^-1 was given on all plots. Increasing yield and yield attributes of ginger from the K deficient control were obtained up to 120 kg K ha^-1 after which they declined. Likewise the highest rhizome yield by far was obtained with 120 kg K ha^-1 application (17.6 and 16 mt ha^-1 in 2010-2011 and 2011-2012, respectively). K application produced 13-67 percent yield increases in ginger. The response of rhizome yield to K fertilization rates was found to be quadratic (R² =0.80). The amount of K taken up increased in response to raised levels of K application up to 120 kg K ha^-1 ranging from 80 to 153 kg K ha^-1. An apparent K balance was estimated on the basis of K added through fertilizer and K uptake by the ginger. This K balance was found to be negative except at the highest rate of application of 160 kg K ha^-1 when a slight positive K balance was recorded. The optimum dose from the graph of the response curve appeared to be 122 kg K ha^-1 for maximizing ginger production in the location being studied. An economic analysis showed the K application resulting in the highest Marginal Benefit Cost Ratio (MBCR) for ginger to be 120 kg K ha^-1. Considering the economic returns and optimum dose, application of K at 122 kg ha^-1, along with a blanket dose of N 133 P 23 S 12 Zn 2 kg ha^-1, appears to be the best-suited dose which may be recommended for maximizing the yield of ginger in this K deficient Terrace Soil in the Level Barind Tract (AEZ 25). These results also reveal the importance of K fertilization in improving yields and sustaining ginger production in the study area. The observed negative K balance, even when other nutrient supply is balanced, highlights the importance of K management in achieving sustainable yields and maintaining soil health.

Keywords: Potassium, Fertilization, Yield, Quality, Ginger

Location: Spices Research Cente, BARI, Shibhangi, Bogra

Start Date: 00-00-2010

End Date: 00-00-2012

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Ginger, Fertilizer

Objectives:

(i) To establish, the optimum application rates of K for the maximum yield and yield components for plants adequately supplied with all other nutrients.

(ii) To determine the uptake of K by the crop.

(iii) To draw up a K balance sheet of K uptake and loss in this particular soil.

Methodology:

The unit plot size was 2 m × 1.5 m, with row to row spacing of 50 cm and plant to plant spacing of 25 cm. The ginger variety Bari Ada-1 was used as a test crop. There were five treatments comprising, viz. T₁ =K₀ , T₂ =K₄₀ , T3 =K₈₀, T₄ =K₁₂₀ and T₅ =K₁₆₀ kg ha^-1 with three replications. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). All treatments received a blanket dose application of N 133 P 23 S 12 Zn 2 kg ha^-1. Urea, triple superphosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum and zinc sulphate were used as the sources of N, P, K, S and Zn, respectively. Half of the K was applied as a basal application at the time of final land preparation and half of the N was applied at 50 days after planting. The remaining N and K were top dressed in two equal splits at 80 and 110 days after planting. Two rhizomes of ginger were sown in May in both years in each pit and on emergence the plants were thinned to one plant per hill. All necessary intercultural operations were carried out as and when necessary. The crops were harvested when all the plants started drying in February 2011 and 2012. Data on various parameters including yield and K concentration of 10 randomly selected plants from each treatment were recorded. Collected data were analyzed statistically with the help of a statistical package, MSTAT-C, and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to determine the significant differences between treatments. Plant samples were also collected from each plot for chemical analysis. Initial soil samples collected from 0-15 cm depth prior to fertilizer application, were analyzed for all important soil parameters using standard procedures. The soil was found to be slightly acidic, intensively leached, and deficient in soil available K, as well as S and boron (B). Standard methods were used in these determinations. Soil pH was measured by a combined glass calomel electrode. Organic carbon was determined by the wet oxidation method. Total N was determined by a modified Kjeldahl method and calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) by soil extraction with KCl. Available K, manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) were determined by AAS following NaHCO₃ extraction of the soil. B was determined by the CaCl₂ extraction method. Available P was measured by the Bray and Kurtz method and S was estimated using the turbidimetric method with BaCl₂. The collected plant samples from each plot were dried at 65°C in an electric oven for 72 h then ground to pass through a 20 mesh sieve and analyzed following standard procedures. Plant samples were digested with HNO₃-HClO₄ (3:1) for K determination. Nutrient uptake was calculated by multiplying the concentration of K in the plant samples with the corresponding plant dry weights. Potassium balance was calculated by subtracting outputs (K removed or taken up by ginger rhizome and straw) from the inputs (K added as fertilizer).

Source of Information: e-ifc No. 35, September 2013

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.ipipotash.org/udocs/e-ifc-35-rf3.pdf

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Considering the economic returns and optimum dose, K at 122 kg ha^-1, along with a blanket dose of N₁₃₃ P₂₃ S₁₂ Zn₂ kg ha^-1, appears to be the best-suited dose for maximizing the yield of ginger in the K deficient Terrace Soil of Level Barind Tract (AEZ 25).

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