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Sowing Date Mediated Heat Stress Affects the Leaf Growth and Dry Matter Partitioning in Some Spring Wheat (triticum Aestivum L.) Cultivars

Kamal Uddin Ahamed
Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, BANGLADESH

Kamrun Nahar
Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, BANGLADESH

Masayuki Fujita
Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, JAPAN

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

To observe the effect of high temperature stress on the leaf growth and dry matter partitioning of 5 wheat varieties a field experiment was conducted with normal sowing and late sowing at the research field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was observed that stem dry weight was highest in Shatabdi under both normal (2.267 g) and heat stressed (1.801 g) environment and Pradip (1.202 g) and Sufi (1.166 g) produced the lowest stem dry weight in those conditions. Leaf number of Pradip (5.37) and Shatabdi (5.01) was the highest in the normal and late sowing condition, respectively and it was lowest in the variety Bijoy (4.87) followed by Sufi (3.62) under the normal and late sowing condition. Both under normal and late sown heat stressed condition the variety Shatabdi showed the highest leaf area, longest leaf sheath and lamina with concomitant increase of dry matter (5.976 g and 4.459 g tiller-1 under normal and heat stress, respectively). However, the spike dry weight was highest in Bijoy and lowest was in Sourav and Sufi regardless the growing condition. In normal sowing the ear weight and husk of main stem was the highest in Shatabdi (2.933 g), whereas seed weight per main stem was highest in Bijoy (2.167 g). In late sown condition, ear weight, seed weight per stem was highest in Bijoy and husk wt. was found the highest in Shatabdi. Grain weight of variety Bijoy (34.94g) and Shatabdi (33.30 g) were higher in late sowing, whereas Sufi had lowest 1000 grain weight (23.81 g) and finally Bijoy produced the highest grain yield both under normal sowing late sown mediated heat stressed condition. Considering all Bijoy can said to be the best performing variety amongst all and Sufi is the worst one considering specially the yield components and yield.

Keywords: Heat stress, Reproductive development, Dry matter partitioning, Sowing time.

Location: Experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka

Start Date: 00-11-2008

End Date: 00-04-2009

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To observe the effect of high temperature stress on the leaf growth and dry matter partitioning of five wheat varieties

Methodology:

Experimental site: The study was conducted at the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during November, 2008 to April, 2009. The soil of the experimental field belongs to the Shallow Red Brown Terrace Soils. Experimental treatments and design: Five modern verities of wheat Sourav, Pradip, Sufi, Shatabdi and Bijoy were used as experimental materials. The minimum, optimum and maximum temperature of growing wheat are 3-4°C, 20-22°C and 30- 2°C respectively. The growth and development is gradually decreased and hampered with the increase of temperature beyond the optimum. The temperature beyond the maximum can be regarded as heat stress. Performance of the experimental varieties were evaluated under two growing environmental treatment one is normal growing environment (sowing at November 30) and another is post anthesis heat stressed environment (sowing at December 30). The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications.Crop husbandry: Seeds were sown in 1.5 m × 2 m sizes plot at rate of 120 kg ha^-1maintaining 20 cm line to line and 5cm plant to plant distance. Fertilizers were applied in recommended doses and methods. The dose of cowdung was 7 t ha-1. Urea, triple super phosphate, muriate of potash and gypsum were applied at 180, 140, 40 and 110 kg ha^-1 as a source of N, P, K and S. The whole amount of all fertilizers and manure and two-hird urea was applied during land preparation and the rest amount of urea was applied during first irrigation. The first, second and third irrigation was given 20, 60 and 80 days after sowing. Weeding and other intercultural operation was done when necessary. Data collection and analysis:The number of leaf, tiller, and grain was counted. Length of different parts of leaf was measured. Dry weights of different parts of the plants were taken by drying them in electric oven (Perkin-Elmer Corporation, USA) at 60°C for 72 hours followed by weighing by digital balance (Kaifeng Group Co., Ltd., China). The grain yield was adjusted at 12% moisture level. The data was analyzed using MSTAT-C [8] program. The mean differences among the treatments were compared by multiple comparison tests using least significant difference (LSD) test.

Source of Information: IIOAB-India Vol. 1; Issue 3; 2010

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From this study it was clearly observed that high temperature caused a devastating effect on the leaf growth, dry matter partitioning and grain yield of wheat. Among the wheat cultivars in most of the cases Bijoy performed well both under normal and heat-stressed condition. Shatabdi is also a good variety in heat stress condition where the performance of Sufi is the worst in most of the cases in heat stress condition.

Knowledge Management: Journal