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Genetic Divergence in Groundnut (arachis Hypogaea L)

M. A. Zaman
Regional Agricultural Research Institute, BARI, Hathazari, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

M. Tuhina-Khatun
Regional Agricultural Research Institute, BARI, Hathazari, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

M. M. H. Bhuiyan
Regional Agricultural Research Institute, BARI, Hathazari, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

M. Moniruzzamn
Regional Agricultural Research Institute, BARI, Hathazari, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

M. N. Yousuf
Regional Agricultural Research Institute, BARI, Hathazari, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Comprising 34 groundnut genotypes an experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replication at the Research farm of Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Hathazari, Chittagong during Rabi season (December 2009 to April 2010) for estimation of the multivariate analysis of divergence. The genotypes were grouped into five clusters. Cluster III contained the highest number of genotypes (12) and the cluster II contained the lowest (2). The inter-cluster distances in all cases were larger than the intra-cluster distance which indicated that wider diversity is present among the genotypes of distant grouped. The highest intra cluster distance was observed in cluster V and the lowest in II. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between the cluster IV and III followed by V and III and the lowest between cluster V and I. Days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of branches per plant, number of matured nuts per plant and karnel size were the most important contributors based on the latent vector. But the highest cluster means for matured nuts per plant, 100 karnel weight, 100 nuts weight and yield per plant were obtained from the cluster II. With moderate yield but early maturity varieties were found in cluster IV. Therefore, more emphasis should be given on cluster VI for selecting genotypes as parents for crossing with the genotypes of cluster II and III for getting new recombinants with early maturity and higher yield.

Keywords: Genetic divergence, Cluster analysis, D2 analysis, Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L)

Location: Research farm of Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Hathazari, Chittagong.

Start Date: 00-12-2009

End Date: 00-04-2010

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Ground nut

Objectives:

To estimate the nature and magnitude of genetic diversity of groundnut.

Methodology:

An experiment comprising 34 groundnut genotypes was conducted in a randomized block design with three replication at the Research farm of Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Hathazari, Chittagong during Rabi season (December 2009 to April 2010). The unit plot size was 9.6 square meter (6 rows with 4 meter length). The row to row and plant to plant spacing were maintained at 40 cm and 10 cm respectively. Recommended fertilizer doses, cultural practices and all plant protection measures were followed to ensure a good crop. The data on 10 morphological characters namely days to 50% flowering, days to pod maturity, plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of matured nuts per plant, number of immature nuts per plant, 100 nuts weight (g), 100 karnel weight (g), shelling percentage, and seed yield per plant (g) were recorded. Genetic diversity were studied following Mahalanobis (1936) generalized distance (D²) extended by Rao (1952). Based on the D² values, the studied genotypes were grouped into clusters according to the Tocher’s method. The methods of Singh and Chauwdhary were used for calculating the intra and inter cluster distances. Statistical analyzes were carried out by Genstat Discovery edition 3.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Pl. Breed. Genet., 23(1): 45-49, 2010.

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Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The canonical analysis revealed that values in both vectors (Vector I and II) for days to flowering and days to maturity were positive, values in one vectors for branches per plant, mature nuts per plant and 100 karnel weight was positive. Such results indicated that these characters contributed maximum towards total divergence of the genotypes and it was also suggested that attention should be given for these five characters for yield improvement of groundnut.

Knowledge Management: Journal