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Sustainable Crop Production in Drought and Saline Coastal Area of Bangladesh Under Changing Climate

A.R. AKANDA
CSO
IWM Division, BARI

S.K. BISWAS
SSO
IWM Division, BARI

K.K. SARKE
SO
IWM Division, BARI

M. RAHAMAN
CSO
OFRD, BARI

S.I. KHAN.
SSO
OFRD, BARI

M. ZAMAN.
PSO
OFRD, BARI

H.RASHID
SO
OFRD, BARI

S. RAHAMAN,
OFRD, BARI

Z. ISLAM,
OFRD, BARI

S. HOSSAIN
OFRD, BARI

M. ANOWER
OFRD, BARI

A. RAHAMAN
OFRD, BARI

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The project aims to develop the suitable water management practices based on major cropping patterns in saline and drought prone areas of Bangladesh under climate change situation. The coastal districts selected for conducting cropping pattern based experiments were Barguna, Khulna and Satkhira, and the drought prone districts were Kushtia, Rajshahi and Rangpur. Every crop in major cropping patterns of that area received four different water management practices varied according to crops. From the experiments conducted during 2014-2015, it was seen that non-rice dominant cropping pattern had lower water use with higher water productivity. In salt prone areas, both rice equivalent yield and water productivity were found higher in T₂ water management sequence where modest amount of water was applied through irrigation. In drought prone areas, though the higher WP was obtained mostly from T₂ irrigation management, the highest rice equivalent yield (REY) was obtained from T₄ irrigation practices where higher amount of water was applied through irrigation. In saline prone area, Tomato-Jute-T.Aman had the highest REY and WP (54.60 t/ha and 5.73 kg/m³) followed by Tomato-T.Aus-T.Aman (41.51 t/ha and 2.85 kg/m³) and Watermelon-T.Aus-T.Aman (38.21 t/ha and 2.74 kg/m³) cropping patterns obtained under T₂ water regime. Total water use was found the lowest in Mustard-Mung-T.aman and Wheat-Mung-T.aman patterns. The highest water use pattern was Mustard-Boro-T.Aman with the lowest water productivity of 0.72-0.86 kg/m³. On the other hand, in drought areas, the highest REY and WP (56.60 t/ha and 3.94 kg/m3) were obtained in Tomato-T.Aus-T.Aman. Total water use was also found higher in this pattern and ranged from 1437 mm to 1780 mm depending on irrigation management. In general, TWU was lower in non-rice dominant pattern than rice dominant pattern. REY and WP were increased drastically when some non-rice crops like tomato, potato, watermelon and even jute were included in the pattern. Among the pattern, the highest gross margin and the BCR (Tk. 649704/ha and 3.21) were obtained from Tomato- Jute-T.Aman under T₄ water management and the lowest values (Tk. 57604/ha and 1.44) were obtained from Wheat-Mung-T.aman cropping sequence under T₂ water management in saline prone area. While in the drought prone area, the highest gross margin and the BCR (Tk. 751102/ha and 4.28) were obtained from Tomato-T.Aus-T.Aman in T₃ water management and the lowest values (Tk. 43520/ha and 1.39) were obtained from Chickpea-Mung-T.aman cropping sequence in T₁ water management. In both the areas, not a particular water management option was suitable for a particular crop and/or cropping sequences for getting higher yield and profit as well.

Keywords: Cropping patterns, Water use, Wheat-Mung-T.aman

Location: Barguna, Khulna Satkhira, Kushtia, Rajshahi and Rangpur.

Start Date: 00-00-2014

End Date: 00-00-2015

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Water management

Objectives:

To develop suitable water management practices based on major cropping patterns in saline and drought prone areas

To make effective utilization of profile soil moisture and available water resources to increase crop water productivity

To identify suitable and profitable cropping pattern for the study area in terms of water use

Methodology:

Different cropping patterns with principal crops of that region were selected and evaluated during July 2014 to June 2015 cropping season, to find out cropping pattern based on water productivity and profitability in saline prone southern areas and drought prone northern areas of Bangladesh. The southern coastal districts selected for conducting experiments were Barguna, Khulna and Satkhira, and the northern districts were Kushtia, Rajshahi and Rangpur. All crops were grown in a following sequence starting with rabi crops as: Musatrd-Boro-T.Aman, Wheat-Mungbean-T.Aman, Potato-Mungbean-T.Aman and Chickpea-Mungbean-T.Aman. Cropping patterns for different regions. Crops were grown in the farmers' field of selected locations.

Field experiments with T.Aman rice were conducted in saline and drought prone areas to investigate supplemental irrigation effects on the yield of T.Aman rice under changing climate situation. Some promising varieties like BRRI Dhan 53, 56, 57 were used as test crop for Barguna, Rajshahi and Rangpur regions and another promising variety 'BINA Dhan-7' was used for Satkhira, Khulna and Kushtia regions. Based on the availability of water and analysis of previous rainfall patterns in Aman season, four treatments were selected for the studies. These were:

T₁= Rainfed (no supplemental irrigation and treated as farmers' practice)

T₂= One supplemental irrigation at booting stage

T₃= One supplemental irrigation at grain filling stage

T₄= Two supplemental irrigation at booting and grain filling stages

In all the cropping patterns, T. Aman rice was transplanted between July 15-30, 2014 with seedlings of the selected rice cultivars when the seedlings were 35-40 days old. The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. Recommended fertilizer doses of urea, TSP and MP were applied at the time of final land preparation except urea, half of which was applied as top dress. Plant spacing was 30 cm in rows of 20 cm apart. Plot size was 5 m × 4 m. Irrigation was applied as per treatment with 5 cm standing water depth. Other cultural practices were also done as and when necessary. Different growth and agronomic parameters were collected at different growth stages. Rest of the agronomic data was collected during harvest. Crops were harvested between 01-15 November 2014. After T. Aman harvest the rabi experiments were started during October-November 2014 period at the project sites. The selected crops for this were potato, wheat, mustard, watermelon, chickpea and tomato. The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated thrice.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report, IWM Division, BARI--2014-15

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In saline prone area, Tomato-Jute-T.Aman had the highest REY and WP (54.60 t/ha and 5.73 kg/m³) followed by Tomato-T.Aus-T.Aman (41.51 t/ha and 2.85 kg/m³) and Watermelon-T.Aus-T.Aman (38.21 t/ha and 2.74 kg/m³) cropping patterns under T₂ water regime. Total water use was found the lowest in Mustard-Mung-T.aman and Wheat-Mung-T.aman patterns. The highest water used pattern was Mustard-Boro-T.Aman with lowest water productivity of 0.72-0.86 kg/m³. On the other hand, in drought areas, the highest REY and WP (56.60 t/ha and 3.94 kg/m³) were obtained in Tomato-T.Aus-T.Aman followed by Potato-Maize-T.Aman (23.80 t/ha and 6.72 kg/m³). Total water use was also found higher in this pattern and ranged from 1437 mm to 1780 mm depending on irrigation management. In general, TWU was lower in non-rice dominant pattern than rice dominant pattern. In both the areas, not a particular water management option was suitable for a particular crop and/or cropping sequences for getting higher profit. For example, the highest gross margin and the BCR (Tk. 649704/ha and 3.21) were obtained from Tomato- Jute-T.Aman under T₄ water management and the lowest values (Tk. 57604/ha and 1.44) were obtained from Wheat-Mung-T.aman cropping sequence under T₂ water management in saline prone area. While in the drought prone area, the highest gross margin and the BCR (Tk. 751102/ha and 4.28) were obtained from Tomato-T.Aus-T.Aman in T₃ water management and the lowest values (Tk. 43520/ha and 1.39) were obtained from Chickpea-Mung-T.aman cropping sequence in T₁ water management.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings