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Allelopathic Potential of Rice Varieties Against Spinach (spinacia Oleracea)

A.K.M.S. KABIR
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

S.M.R. KARIM
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

MAHFUZA BEGUM
Professor
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

ABDUL SHUKOR JURAIMI
Professor
Universiti Putra Malysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Two laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the allelopathic effects of rice varieties on spinach (Spinacia aleracea L.). Fifteen rice varieties were included for evaluation. Two methods viz. Sandwich method and Relay seeding method were used to observe the allelopathic effects of rice varieties on seed germination, mean germination time, shoot and root length and dry matter production of spinach as a test crop. Average inhibition in spinach growth was calculated to evaluate the allelopathic potential of the rice varieties. All the selected varieties of rice were more or less detrimental to studied characters of spinach. WITA12 resulted in about 48% average percent inhibition of spinach growth. On the basis of average percent inhibition rice varieties ranked in order of WITA12>Dular>WITA3>BR26>BRRI dhan42>BRRI dhan39>BRRI dhan31>BRRI dhan44>BRRI dhan40>BR19>BRRI dhan43>BRRI dhan46>BRRI dhan47>BRRI dhan45>BRRI dhan28. Both the evaluation methods were positively correlated in determining percent reduction in most of the parameters of spinach due to allelopathic effects of rice.

Keywords: Allelopathy, Spinach, Sandwich method, Relay seeding method

Location: Agronomy Seed Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-01-2008

End Date: 00-06-2008

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To evaluate 15 rice varieties and to screen out highly allelopathic variety of rice.
To observe the effects of root exudates of rice on the seed germination, plant growth and dry matter accumulation of spinach
To find out the average inhibition in spinach growth due to allelopathic effects of rice varieties and
To compare two methods (Sandwich method & Relay seeding method) in determining the allelopathic potential of rice varieties.

Methodology:

Plant material: Fifteen rice varieties used in the study with their important characteristics. The selected rice varieties were collected from the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Joydebpur, Gazipur and the spinach seeds were collected from the local market. The initial germination of the collected seeds was more than 80%. Two methods as Sandwich method and Relay seeding method were used to investigate the allelopathic potentials of rice varieties. Sandwich method: An amount of 8 ml of 2% (w/v) of agar solution were poured in the sterilized Petri dish. The Petridishes with agar solution were kept undisturbed for solidification. Fifteen smashed rice seeds of each variety were uniformly placed on the solidified agar medium in each Petri dish. Again the agar solution of same concentration was poured over the smashed seeds of rice in each Petri dish. After solidification of second layer of agar solution 15 clean and scarified spinach seeds were placed on agar medium in each Petri dish. In case of control treatment only agar media were used without smashed rice seeds. All the Petri dishes were placed in an incubation chamber at room temperature (20±2^oC). The experiment was continued up to 17 days after seed placement. The treatment was replicated four times in a completely randomized design (CRD). The theme of this method was that the smashed rice seeds released allelochemicals in the agar medium, which ultimately affected the spinach seed germination and seedling growth. Relay seeding method: Fifteen rice seeds were placed on the Petri dishes lined with 9 cm Whatman No. 1 filter paper. Seven milliliter of distilled water was poured in each Petridish. Then the Petri dishes were kept at the Agronomy Seed Laboratory, BAU, Mymensingh at room temperature (20±2oC) and with 12 h light period. Fifteen clean and scarified seeds of spinach were placed in each Petri dish after 7 days of placement of rice seeds. In control treatment, 15 seeds of spinach were placed in Petri dish lined with filter paper and soaked with 7 mL distilled water only without rice seed. The experiment was continued for another 10 days in the Seed Laboratory. The treatments were replicated four times in CRD. Three mL of distilled water was poured to each Petri dish every 2 days to maintain sufficient moisture for germination. The theme of this technique was that the rice seedlings released allelochemicals in the germination media and the growth of the neighboring test plant (spinach) seedlings were affected due to allelochemicals. Data collection: The number of germinated spinach seeds was counted daily from the 4th day (beginning of germination) of seed placement and was continued up to completion of seed germination. Mean germination time (MGT) was calculated using the data of daily germination as per the formula. After 17 days of seed setting, the root length and the shoot length of five randomly selected spinach seedlings were measured in both methods. The sample seedlings were placed in paper bags and then kept in an electric oven at 80^oC for 72 h. The weights of oven dried specimens were recorded. The percent reduction in germination, mean germination time, root length, shoots length and dry matter accumulation was determined. The overall effects of rice varieties on the growth of spinach were determined on the basis of average percent inhibition (API) as API = (percent germination reduction + percent mean germination times reduction + percent root reduction + percent shoot reduction + percent dry weight reduction) /5, where 5=number of parameters included. The value of API was used as the indicator of allelopathic potentials of rice varieties. Higher value of API indicates higher allelopathic potential of the varieties and vice versa. Correlation between API and percent reduction in all growth parameters of spinach seedlings were done. Correlation between two methods in determining allelopathic potential of the rice varieties was also made. The collected data on different parameters of the indicator plant were statistically analyzed by using the statistical package MSTAT and the mean differences were adjudged using DMRT.

Source of Information: Int. J. Agric. Biol., Vol. 12, No. 6, 2010

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

All the tested rice varieties had significant allelopathic influences on spinach growth and the variety WITA12 hadthe highest allelopathic potential than others. The ranking order of the test varieties on the basis of API values was WITA12 > Dular > WITA3 > BR26 > BRRI dhan42 >BRRI dhan39 > BRRI dhan31 > BRRI dhan44 > BRRI dhan40 > BR19 > BRRI dhan43 > BRRI dhan46 > BRRI dhan47 > BRRI dhan45 > BRRI dhan28. Three varieties namely WITA 12, Dular and WITA3 exhibited more than 40% spinach inhibition. These varieties can be used as gene resources for breeding for allelopathic potentiality and can be incorporated with high yielding rice varieties to generate allelopathic high yielding rice.

Knowledge Management: Journal