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Effect of Phosphorus, Calcium and Boron on the Growth and Yield of Groundnut (arachis Hypogea L.)

Rezaul Kabir
MS Student
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Sabina Yeasmin
Assistant Professor
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

A K M Mominul Islam
Associate Professor
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Md Abdur Rahman Sarkar
Professor
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The research work was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to observe the effect of Phosphorus (P), Calcium (Ca) and Boron (B) on the growth and yield of groundnut cv. BARI Cheenabadam-7, fertilizer doses of P (P₀=0, P₁= 25 and P₂=50 kg ha^-1), Ca (Ca0=0, Ca₁=110 and Ca₂= 165 kg Ca ha^-1) and B (0, 2 and 2.5 kg ha^-1) were used. Among the growth parameters plant height, number of branches plant^-1, dry weight plant^-1, LAI and CGR were highest at 100 DAS in P₂× Ca₁× B₂ treatment combination. Among the yield attributing characters number of total pods plant^-1 was highest for P₁× Ca₂× B₂, 100 pod weight plant^-1 for P₁× Ca₂× B₁, shelling percentage, pod yield, biological yield, straw yield and harvest index for P₂× Ca₁ × B₂. The lowest values of all these parameters were found at control treatment. The combined dose of P₂, Ca₁ and B₂produced the highest values for almost all the above parameters. Thus, it can be concluded that the fertilizer level for P, Ca and B should be 50 kg ha^-1, 110 kg ha^-1 and 2.5 kg ha^-1, respectively for obtaining the highest yield of groundnut under this particular soil.

Keywords: Mineral nutrient, High yielding variety, Growth parameters, Yield components, Groundnut

Location: Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Ground nut

Objectives:

To observe the effect of Phosphorus (P), Calcium (Ca) and Boron (B) on the growth and yield of groundnut cv. BARI Cheenabadam-7.

Methodology:

The research work was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Geographically the field is located at 24º75´ N Latitude and 90º50´E longitude at elevation of 18 m above the sea level. The topography of the field was medium high and the soil was silty loam and well drained. The climate of the location is characterized by heavy precipitation during April to October. One improved variety of groundnut, BARI Cheenabadam-7 was used for the present study which was collected from the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute. The seeds were sown in rows at a depth of 2-3 cm from the soil surface. The distances between row to row and seed to seed were 30 cm and 15 cm, respectively. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The field was divided into 3 blocks each containing 27 plots of size 2.5 m × 2 m. Three levels of phosphorus viz. P₀=0 (control), P₁=25 and P₂=50 kg ha^-1(as triple super phosphate), three levels of calcium viz. Ca₀=0 (control), Ca₁=110 and Ca₂=165 kg ha^-1 (as gypsum), and three levels of boron viz. B₀=0 (control), B₁=2, and B₂=2.5 kg ha^-1 (as borax) were used. Treatment combinations were randomly allocated in each block. Urea and muriate of potash were also used to supply nitrogen (20 kg N ha^-1) and potassium (30 kg K₂O ha^-1), respectively. The 1^st crop sampling was done at 20 days after emergence and it was continued till physiological maturity at 90 days after sowing (DAS) with an interval of 30 days and finally the crop was harvested at 150 DAS. The samplings were done by 2 ways; one is destructive and another is non-destructive. In destructive sampling three plants were uprooted carefully from each plot and were carried to the laboratory in properly labeled bags. Then the harvested plants were washed in running tap water to remove soil and soaked with blotting paper to remove the adhering water on it. Then the plants were separated into leaves, stems and roots. Total leaf area of individual sample was measured by an electronic leaf area meter. The components were oven dried at 70^oC for 48 hours to record constant dry weights. Total dry weight was determined by recording the dry weight of each portion of the plant. In non-destructive sampling, 3 plants were selected randomly and plant height and primary branches per plant of these plants were recorded. The studied parameters were, growth parameters: plant height, number of branches plant^-1, leaf area index, crop growth rate (CGR), total dry weight of plant^-1; yield and yield contributing characters: number of total pods plant^-1, 100 pod weight (g), shelling (%), pod yield (t ha^-1), straw yield (t ha^-1), biological yield (t ha^-1) and harvest index (HI). The dry matter accumulation of the crop per unit land area in unit of time is referred to crop growth rate (CGR), expressed as g m^-2 d^-1. The mean CGR values for the crop during the sampling intervals were computed using the following formula. Collected data were subjected to analysis by MSTAT-C and the differences among treatment means were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Source of Information: International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Technology, Vol. 5, No. 3, 2013

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Application of 50 P kg ha^-1 and 110 kg Ca ha^-1 in combination with 2.5 kg B ha^-1 resulted in the best growth and yield of groundnut cv. BARI Cheenabadam -7. Finally these findings will help our farmer to apply balanced fertilizer application which will be synchronized with crop demand and also will reduce the cost of production.

Knowledge Management: Journal