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Comparative Studies on the Performances of Some Plant Cakes and Synthetic Chemicals Against Nematodes in Tea in Bangladesh

M.S.A. Mamun
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Tea Research Institute, Srimangal, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh

M. Ahmed
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Tea Research Institute, Srimangal, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh

I. Ahmad
Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh

M.S. Uddin
Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh

S.K. Paul
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Tea Research Institute, Srimangal, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A comparative study was undertaken to evaluate the performances of plant cakes and synthetic chemicals against nematodes infesting tea at Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI) during March 2012 to June 2012. The indigenous plants i.e. Bishkatali (Polygonum hydropiper), Mahogani (Swietenia mahagoni) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) and synthetic chemicals i.e. Carbofuran (Furadan 5G), Fipronil (Goolee 3GR) and Rynaxypyr (Ferterra 0.4G) were considered as treatments. The dose of tested plant cakes @ 50g/pot and synthetic chemicals i.e. Furadan 5G @ 35g/pot, Fipronil 3GR @ 35g/pot and Rynaxapyr 0.4G 15g/pot were used in this experiment. Soil samples are regularly collected at weekly interval and samples were analyzed for nematode count at Entomology Laboratory through Baermann funnel method. Result revealed that all the treatments had showed the toxic effect on nematodes and significantly reduced nematode population from the soil. The nematode population in the soil treated with Rynaxypyr 0.4G was the lowest due to the highest mortality of nematodes (85.80%) followed by Fipronil 3G (82.00%), and Carbofuran 5G (81.71%) which was satisfactory. Among the plant cakes, Mahogani cake showed the highest (79.89%) mortality of nematodes in the treated soil. The cakes of Bishkatali (74.82%) and Neem (71.57%) also reduced the nematode population significantly. Rynaxapyr and Mahagani Cake can be used as soil treatments for the management of nematodes to get nematode free soil or safe soil with less nematode for establishing tea nursery. Crude plant cakes of P. hydropeper, S. mahagoni and A. indica can effectively be utilized beside the use of chemical nematicides as safer nematicidal products in integrated pest management of nematodes in tea in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Plant cakes, Chemicals, Nematodes, Tea, Bangladesh

Location: Entomology Laboratory, Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI), Srimangal, Moulvibazar

Start Date: 00-04-2012

End Date: 00-06-2012

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Tea

Objectives:

1. To determine the toxic effect of plant cakes against soil nematodes in tea.

2. To observe the mortality rate of nematodes due to some novel nematicides.

3. To compare the performances between plant cakes and nematicides against nematodes in tea.

Methodology:

An experiment was undertaken to evaluate the performances of plant cakes and synthetic chemical pesticide for the control of nematodes infesting tea plant at Entomology Laboratory, Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI), Srimangal, Moulvibazar during the period from April 2012 to June 2012. The nematodes were cultured in a pot with sufficient cowdung at the Entomology Laboratory, BTRI, at 27°C to 30°C temperature and 70-80% relative humidity. The Test Plants - The indigenous plants namely, Bishkatali (Polygonum hydropiper), Mahogoni (Swietenia mahogani) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) were collected from the different locations of both Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST) campus, Sylhet and Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI), Srimangal, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh. The Test Chemicals - The available synthetic chemicals of different chemistry i.e. Carbofuran (Furadan 5G), Fipronil (Goolee 3GR) and Rynaxapyr (Ferterra 0.4G) were used in this experiment those were collected from the local agent of FMC International, USA; ACI Formulations Limited; and Petrochem (Bangladesh) Limited respectively. Preparation of Plant Cake - Fresh leaves, succulent stems, seeds of Bishkatali (Polygonum hydropiper), Mahogani (Swietenia mahagoni) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) were collected locally from nearby areas of SUST, Sylhet and BTRI main farm, Srimangal, Moulvibazar. Each plant material was dried under shade and powdered by using electric grinder and pass through a 20 mesh sieve and kept in a 1 kg capacity polypropylene bag. 300 g of each powdered plant material were taken into a 1 litre capacity conical flask and 500 ml of distilled water was added to it and then kept it for 24 h. After 24hrs the water soaked powder was dried in sunlight for 1 hr to make cake form. Pot Experiment - The experiment was designed in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications at the Entomology Laboratory, BTRI in pot experiment (Plate 1). Soils were collected from nematode cultured plots of Entomology Division. 5 kg of such soil was taken into 20 cm dia plastic pot. Thereafter the tested plant cakes @ 50g/pot and synthetic chemicals i.e. Furadan @ 35g/pot, Fipronil 3GR @ 35g/pot, and Rynaxapyr 0.4G @ 15g/pot were applied. Plant cakes and chemical nematicides were mixed thoroughly with pot soils. All pots were kept moist by sprinkling tap water as when required. Untreated pot was considered as Control. Pretreatment was done by counting nematodes before application. Second round application of the treatments were done after 2 weeks of the 1st application. Counting of Nematodes - Soil samples are regularly collected randomly by inserting soil sampling auger in to the soil up to 0-9? (23cm) from the respective pot at weekly interval. Each sample was composite of 5 soil cores from each pot. Soil sample was analyzed at the Entomology Laboratory. Extraction was done by “Baermann Funnel Method” with slight modification. Ten grams of soil sample were taken into 50 ml beaker and covered with muslin cloth and kept in the glass funnel (10 cm diameter) in reverse for overnight and nematodes were decanting and sieving into a slide. A rubber tube of 15 cm long was fitted with each stem of each funnel. The rubber tube was closed with a pinch clamp. Tap water was poured in to the funnel until the level is 2.5 cm below the funnel rim. The active nematodes moved through muslin cloth leaving the soil. They were concentrated at the bottom of the rubber tube. Nematodes were collected in a glass slide by releasing the pinch clamp along with small quantity of water. Then nematodes were counted through Stereoscopic microscope. Performance of the treatments in suppressing nematode population was calculated by using formula: Corrected percent mortality = (1 - cb x ta/ca x tb) x 100, Where, cb = No. of insect population in control before treatment, ca = No. of insect population in control after treatment, tb = No. of insect population in treated before treatment, ta = No. of insect population in treated after treatment. Statistical Analysis - The experimental data were statistically analyzed by Completely Randomized Design (factorial CRD) using MSTAT statistical software in a microcomputer. The results are expressed as Mean and data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA, with the level of significance set at p<0.05. The mean values adjusted by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Source of Information: World Journal of Agricultural Research, 2014, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1-4

Article Link (Online Journal): Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/wjar/2/1/1 © Science and Education Publishing; DOI:10.12691/wjar-2-1-1

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Result revealed that the treatment differences were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). All the treatments had showed the toxic effect on nematodes and significantly reduced nematode population from the soil. The nematode population in the soil treated with Rynaxypyr 0.4G was the lowest due to the highest mortality (85.80%) followed by Fipronil 3GR (82.00%), and Carbofuran 5G (81.71%). Among the plant cakes, Mahogani cake showed the highest (79.89%) mortality of nematodes in the treated soil followed by Bishkatali (74.82%) and Neem (71.57%) treated soil. Among the chemicals Rynaxypyr showed the highest toxic effect on nematodes. Among the plant cakes Mahogani cake showed the highest toxic effect on nematodes. Similar trend of results were obtained by. Planters can use the products for the control of nematodes in the tea nursery. It may be recommended from the findings that Rynaxapyr and Mahogani cake can be used as soil treatments for the management of nematodes to get nematode free soil or safe soil with less nematodes for establishing tea nursery. Crude plant cakes of P. hydropiper, S. mahagoni and A. indica can effectively be utilized beside the use of chemical nematicides as safer nematicidal products in integrated pest management of nematodes in organic tea estates as well as traditional tea estates in Bangladesh.

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