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Screening of Local and Exotic Onion (allium Cepa L.) Cultivars for Seed Production Potentiality

A.K.M.A. Islam
Associate Professor
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

Marin Sultana
Scientific Officer
Plant Genetic Resource Center, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur 1700, Bagladesh

Sabina Yeasmin
Assistant Professor
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

A.K.M.M. Islam
Assistant Professor
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted aiming to find out the seed production potentiality of 19 local and exotic onion cultivars. The analysis of variance showed significant differences among the genotypes for all characters except sprouting percentage, number of flowers per umbel and number of umbel per bulb. Maximum number of days to 50% bolting (52.67) was exhibited by the genotype G₂ and minimum by G₆ (27.00 days). The larger bulb size after harvest was obtained from G₁₄ and G₁₉ (18.11 g). Genotypes G₄ and G₁₁ required the maximum (16.66) and the minimum (9.00) days for 100% sprouting, respectively. The highest stalk length was found in the genotype G₁ (67.23 cm) and the lowest in G₈ (38.47 cm). Maximum number (5.75) of stalk was produced by the genotype G₇ and minimum number (2.09) of stalk by the genotype G₁₁. The genotype G₁₁ produced the highest number of seeds per umbel (1395.92) and seed yield per plant (4.29 g). The lowest (0.45 g) seed yield per plant and maximum bulb weight was obtained by the genotype G₈.

Keywords: Onion (Allium cepa L.), seed yield, bulb size, seed size, spices crop

Location: Experimental farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, BSMRAU, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-11-2007

End Date: 00-03-2008

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Onion

Objectives:

To find out the seed production potentiality of 19 local and exotic onion cultivars.

Methodology:

The research was conducted on the experimental farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University, Gazipur during November to March in the period 2007-2008. The climate of the experimental site is sub-tropical characterized by heavy rainfall during the April to September period and scanty rainfall during the rest period of the year. The soils of BSMRAU farm belong to Salna series of shallow Red Brown Terrace soil type. The bulbs of nineteen onion cultivars G₁-G₁₉(Onion-1, Onion-2, Onion-3, Onion-4,Onion-5, Onion-6, Onion-7, Onion-8, Onion-9, Onion-10, Onion-11, Onion-12, Onion-13, Onion-14, Onion-15, Onion-16, Onion-17, Onion-18, Onion-19) obtained from the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding were sown in the experimental field. The unit plot size was 115.2 m² with 30 cm apart between rows and 15 cm between bulbs. Each plot consisted of 36 rows. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Manure and fertilizer were applied as per fertilizer recommendation guide. Intercultural operations (weeding, mulching, irrigation, pest control) were done whenever necessary to keep the crop free from insect pest. Stalking was provided in each plant using bamboo stick to keep the plant erect and to protect them from the damage caused by storm and high winds. The seeds were harvested by cutting off the umbels when about 15-20% of the black seeds exposed. Harvesting was done early in the morning to prevent shattering of seeds. After harvesting, the umbels were dried in scorching sunlight for 3-4 days and then threshed manually. After threshing, seeds were cleaned and dried properly and kept in paper bags, stored properly at room temperature. Ten plants were selected randomly from each plot and data were recorded on individual plant basis from the selected plants in respect to the following characters: days to 100% sprouting, sprouting percentage, days to 50% bolting, length of stalk (cm), diameter of stalk, bulb size (original), bulb size (after harvest), number of stalk per plant, number of flowers per umbel, number of umbel per bulb, number of seeds per umbel, 1000- seed weight and seed yield per plant (g). Analysis of variance was done individually by a statistical package SAS, version 9.01 and test of significance was done by F-test.

Source of Information: POLJOPRIVREDA 17:(1) 52-57, (2011)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The genotype G₁ produced the highest number of seeds per umbel and seed yield per plant. The lowest seed yield was recorded in genotype G₈ with larger size bulb. There was no relationship found with the mother bulb size and seed production. The smaller bulb genotype produced higher amount of seeds per plant. The genotypes with higher seed yield would be selected for further breeding program in onion seed yield improvement.

Knowledge Management: Journal