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Pathological Investigation on Bovine Uterus and Isolation of Associated Bacteria

M. N. Nahar
Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. Asaduzzaman
Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. G. Haider
Department of Pathobiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh.

M. A. Baki
Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

S. Rahman
Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

M. M. Hossain
Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was carried out to determine the occurrence of bacteria as well as pathological lesions in the uteri of slaughtered cattle. A total of 20 samples were selected from 30 cases with grossly identifiable lesions, such as congested, hemorrhagic, and mucus filled uteri for bacteriological isolation, while other 30 cases were used for histopatholgy. The bacteriological swabs were collected from the lumen of the uteri and cultured in nutrient broth followed by staining and different types of biochemical tests of isolated bacteria. The histopathological samples were collected in 10% buffered formalin. The collected tissues were fixed, processed, sectioned, stained, and studied with light microscope. The mostly observed gross lesions were hemorrhagic, congested, and mucus filled uteri. All the gross lesions were not found in all uteri. Among isolated bacteria, 22.92% was Bacillus spp., 12.50% was Streptococcus spp., 25.00% was Staphylococcus spp., 29.16% was Escherichia coli, and 10.417% was Klebsiella spp. Microscopically, acute endometritis was characterized by thickening of the epithelial layer, infiltration of neutrophils in the submucosal layer, dilatation of endometrial glands with neutrophilic infiltration and congestion of blood vessels. In chronic endometritis, infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells in the submucosal layer and proliferation of fibrous connective tissue within the myometrium were found. In adenomyosis, dilatation of endometrial glands and presence of endometrial glands in the myometrium were recorded. The microscopic lesions were variable among the uteri. The occurrence of acute endometritis was 33.33%, chronic endometritis was 26.66%, and adenomyosis was 6.66%. In acute and chronic endometritis, the isolated bacteria were Bacillus spp., Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp., while in adenomyosis, the isolated bacteria were Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Escherichia coli.

Keywords: Bovine, Uterus, Pathology, Bacteria.

Location: Kewatkhali, Mymensingh Sadar, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-07-2009

End Date: 00-12-2009

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

To find out the uterine bacterial organisms associated with different types of histopathological changes in slaughtered cattle with a view to enriching the previous findings of other authors.

Methodology:

Samples were collected from different slaughter houses at Kewatkhali and district slaughter house of Mymensingh Sadar during July to December 2009. Grossly identifiable lesions such as congested, hemorrhagic, and mucus filled uteri from slaughtered cattle of different ages were used for this investigation. A total of 30 uteri were randomly collected for bacteriological and histopathological study. Twenty swabs from lumen of selected uteri were taken into the nutrient broth for bacteriological isolation and 30 whole uteri were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for histopathology. Agar (Nutrient agar, Blood agar, MacConkey agar, Eosin methylene blue agar) and broth (Nutrient broth, Bacteriological peptone, Methyl red, and Voges-Proskauer broth and phosphate buffer solution were used in this study. Catalase test was also performed in this investigation as well. Microscopic study with Gram’s staining was done for all 20 uterine swabs samples after primary culture and subculture. Leishman's staining was done on the suspected four samples. With the inoculation loop, a small amount of bacterial colony was taken on clean glass slide. The uteri tissue samples were trimmed at 1.5cm × 1cm size and fixed for 72 hours with three changes of fixative. To remove the fixative, the tissues were kept in running tap water for overnight. The tissues were dehydrated in ascending grades of alcohol starting from 50%, 70%, 80%, 95% followed by three changes in absolute alcohol. The tissues were changed at every hour. The tissues were cleared by two changes in chloroform, one and half an hour for each. The tissues were embedded with molten wax at 56°C: 2 changes, one and half an hour for each. Paraffin blocks containing tissue pieces were made using templates. The tissues were sectioned with a rotary microtome at 5µm thickness. Then the sections were allowed to spread on warm water bath (40°C) and taken on oil and grease free glass slide. A small amount of gelatin was added to the water bath for better adhesion of the sections to the slide. The slides containing sections were air dried and kept in room temperature until staining. Routine hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed according to Luna (1968).

Source of Information: Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2014) 18 (1): 105-114; ISSN 1025-482X

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Almost similar types of bacteria were identified in different pathological conditions of bovine uteri. These identified pathologic agents are reported to be nonspecific organism of uterus. However, the role of bacteria in developing different types of lesions in the uterus is needed to be clarified. The lesions of uterus hampered the production of livestock in Bangladesh. The microscopic lesions were variable among the uteri. The occurrence of acute endometritis was 33.33%, chronic endometritis was 26.66%, and adenomyosis was 6.66%. In acute and chronic endometritis, the isolated bacteria were Bacillus spp., Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp., while in adenomyosis, the isolated bacteria were Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Escherichia coli. The role of these bacteria in the production of pathological lesions in uteri of cows requires further studies.

Knowledge Management: Journal