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Assessment of Genetic Divergence in Salt Tolerance of Soybean (glycine Max L.) Genotypes

M. A. Mannan
Department of Agronomy, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh.

M. A. Karim
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh.

Q. A. Khaliq
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh.

M. M. Haque
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh.

M. A. K. Mian
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh.

J.U. Ahmed
Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Garipur- 1706, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A large number of soybean (Glycine max L.) genotypes of diverse growth habit and adaptive characters were used in the experiment. Soil salinity-induced changes in nine morpho-physiological characters of 30-day-old seedlings of 170 soybean genotypes were compared in the study. The first and second principal components (PC) of principal component analysis (PCA) results accounted for 97 and 2.5%, respectively, of the total variations of soybean genotypes. The variation for the first PC was composed mainly of relative total dry weight (DW), relative shoot dry weight, as well as petiole dry weight. There were four clusters distinguished in the cluster analysis. The genotypes in cluster IV performed better in respect to relative total dry weight and relative shoot dry weight and hence having salt tolerance. The genotypes clusters III performed very poorly and those of clusters II and I were moderate to poor. D² analysis indicated that the clusters differed significantly from each other. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) again asserts strongly that more than 92% of the genotypes were correctly assigned to clusters. Both PCA and DFA confirmed that the relative total DW followed by shoot and petiole DW were the major discriminatory variables, and the root DW were the secondary important variables to distinguish genotypes into groups. In this study, multivariate analyses were used in identifying the soybean genotypes of desirable traits for salt tolerance.

Keywords: Divergence, Genotypes, Salt tolerance, Soybean

Location: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Soybean

Objectives:

To evaluate patterns of genotypic variation in salt tolerance of soybean genotypes of diverse growth habits and to identify groups of genotypes tolerant to soil salinity.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Environmental Stress Research Site of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur, Bangladesh to study the 170 soybean genotypes of diverse growth habits and different geographical origins for response to salt stress. Most of the genotypes (150) were collected from AVRDC (Asian Vegetables Research and Development Center), Taiwan and rest from BARI (Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute), Bangladesh. The experimental site is the centre of Madhupur tract (24.09° N latitude and 90.26° E longitudes) at 8.4 m above sea level. The plants were grown in plastic pots under semi-controlled environment (inside plastichouse) and natural light from May to June, 2007. Ten bold seeds were sown in each plastic pot (24 x 30 cm) containing 12 kg air-dried soil. Compost (1/4 th of the soil volume) and 0.27-0.28-0.20 g of urea, triple super phosphate (TSP) and muriate of potash (MP) per pot were incorporated uniformly into the soil. The treatments were arranged in rows (genotypes) - column (salt treatment saline water and non-saline control). After seedling establishment, five uniform and healthy plants were allowed to grow in each pot. As the 1^st trifoliate appears, i.e. 14 d after sowing, sufficient quantities of salt solution was applied in treatment pots. Salt solution was prepared artificially by dissolving a calculated amount of commercially available NaCI with tap water to make 150 mM NaCl solution. In a preliminary experiment, it was established that application of 150 mM NaCI solution for 2 weeks was enough to distinguish genotypic differences to salinity tolerance. Tap water was used as control (0 mM). The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the 150 mM NaCI solution was equivalent to 15 dS m^-1 and that was 0.3 dS m^-1 for tap water (control). The salt solution was applied with an increment of 25 mM on every alternate date until a respective concentration 150 mM was attained. Treatment solution was applied in excess so that the extra solution dripped from the bottom of the pots. The seedlings exposed to salt treatment as well as control plants were harvested at 30 DAS. Nine characters viz. plant height, dry weights of stem, leaf, petiole, root, shoot, root.shoot ratio, and SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) value (chlorophyll content) of each genotype were measured. Instead of using absolute values, the relative values of the plant characters were used in order to make the comparison more meaningful towards identifying genotypes or groups of genotypes tolerant to salinity stress. The relative plant performance in respect to each variable was calculated as variable measured in salt treated plant divided by variable measured in control plants. The data on nine relative plant characters for each of the 170 genotypes were subjected to multivariate analysis using principal component analysis and discriminant function analysis. Analysis of genetic variation among 170 soybean genotypes for salt stress was performed with the program SPSS, version 10 following the procedure described. • Derivation of orthogonal variables using principal components analysis (PCA) based on the correlation matrix • Classification of genotypes into homogenous groups by the non-hierarchical k-means technique of cluster analysis • Verification of the significance of groups by multiple group discriminant function analysis (DFA) to determine the power of each variable to separate groups.

Source of Information: J. Crop Sci. Biotech. 2010 (March) 13 (1 ) : 33 - 38

Article Link (Online Journal): DOl No. 1O.1007/s12892-009-0091-y

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From this experiment, it may be concluded that a wide range of variation was found in soybean genotypes subjected to salinity stress-induced changes in dry matter accumulation at the seedling stage. Salinity generally reduced the growth of soybean at varying degrees. Based on the relative performance, 18 genotypes showed tolerance, 32 moderate tolerance, 95 moderately susceptible, and 25 susceptible to salinity stress.

Knowledge Management: Journal