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Genetic Variability and Selection Criteria in Rice Mutant Lines as Revealed by Quantitative Traits

Yusuff Oladosu
Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia

M. Y. Rafii
Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia /Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia

Norhani Abdullah
Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia/ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia

Mohammad Abdul Malek
Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia/ Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

H. A. Rahim
Bioscience and Agrotechnology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, 43000 Selangor, Malaysia

Ghazali Hussin
Strategic Livestock Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia

Mohammad Abdul Latif
Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia/7 Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur, Bangladesh

Isiaka Kareem
Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Genetic based knowledge of different vegetative and yield traits play a major role in varietal improvement of rice. Genetic variation gives room for recombinants which are essential for the development of a new variety in any crop. Based on this background, this work was carried out to evaluate genetic diversity of derived mutant lines and establish relationships between their yield and yield components using multivariate analysis. To achieve this objective, two field trials were carried out on 45 mutant rice genotypes to evaluate their growth and yield traits. Data were taken on vegetative traits and yield and its components, while genotypic and phenotypic coefficients, variance components, expected genetic advance, and heritability were calculated. All the genotypes showed variations for vegetative traits and yield and its components. Also, there was positive relationship between the quantitative traits and the final yield with the exception of number of tillers. Finally, the evaluated genotypes were grouped into five major clusters based on the assessed traits with the aid of UPGMA dendrogram. So hybridization of group I with group V or group VI could be used to attain higher heterosis or vigour among the genotypes. Also, this evaluation could be useful in developing reliable selection indices for important agronomic traits in rice.

Keywords: Genetic variability, Selection criteria, Rice mutant, Quantitative traits

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

The present study was conducted to evaluate genetic diversity of derived mutant lines of MR219 and establish relationship between yield and yield components in the mutant lines using multivariate analysis.

Methodology:

Experimental Site and Plant Husbandry: Because MR219 is the most cultivated rice variety, efforts are constantly being made to increase its yield potentials. Therefore, its seeds were irradiated with an ion beam for radiosensitivity determination. A total of 100 seeds were subjected to 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, and 200 Gray (Gy) to determine the optimum doses for the production of high mutant frequency and spectrum. The optimum dose was found to be 60 Gy. The M₁ seedlings were transplanted into the field with 25 cm × 25 cm planting distance. Ten thousand M₁ seedlings were planted to produce M₂ seeds and a total of 5,250 plants were selected from which 2 panicles per hill were randomly harvested from each hill. About 5% of M₂ populations were selected for further screening in M₃. After several series of selection and fixation, 31 potential lines with the required adaptive traits were recovered at M₄ generation during the 2009–2012 seasons (M₀–M₄). In total, forty-five rice genotypes, which formed three populations (Malaysia, Vietnam, and Bangladesh), were analysed. Of these 45 genotypes, 31 were mutant lines derived from MR219, 4 were other commercial varieties from Malaysia, 8 were commercial mutant varieties from Bangladesh, and 2 were mutant varieties from Vietnam. The field evaluation was carried out repeatedly in two locations on M₄ generation. The first location was field 10 of the Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). The climate of the two locations was a hot humid tropic. The areas fell under the rain forest.The periods of cultivation were December 2012 to April 2013 and February to June 2013. 30 g of each rice accession was placed in plastic petri dishes and oven-dried at 50⁰C for 24 hours to break seed dormancy. The seeds were then pregerminated and finally transferred into a nursery for proper establishment. 21-day-old seedlings were then transplanted into a field of size 22 m by 18 m. The plant spacing was 25 cm by 30 cm with density of two seedlings per stand. This experiment was laid out in randomized complete block (RCB) with three replications. The fields were irrigated throughout the experiment with average of 10 cm water above the soil level. Regular hand weeding was embarked upon to free the plant of interspecific competition. Fertilizer was applied in splits using 57 kg/ha triple super phosphate, 42 kg/ha muriate of potash, and 80 kg/ha urea at 15, 35, 55, and 75 days after planting. Insecticides (Malathion and Hopper Gun) were applied for controlling insect pests as required at recommended rates. Data Collection: From each variety, five plants were randomly sampled from each block for data collection. Data collection was on plant height, flag leaf length to width ratio, number of tillers per hill, days to flowering, days to maturity, number of panicles per hill, panicle length, total number of grain per panicle, 100 grain weight, total grain weight per hill, seed length, seed length to width ratio and yield in t/ha. Variance Components. Variance components were estimated to determine genetic variation among genotypes and to assess genetic and environmental effects on different traits.

Source of Information: The Scientific World Journal, Volume 2014, Article ID 190531, 12 pages

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The development of rice genotypes that could lead to attainment of food security rests on exploring genetic aspects of its quantitative traits. This is because genetic variations give room for recombinants which are essential in development of new genotype. Field trials were carried out on 45 mutant rice genotypes and their genetic diversities were determined using their quantitative traits. All the genotypes showed variations for vegetative and yield traits. Also, all the traits related positively with the final yield with the exception of number of tillers. Finally, the evaluated genotypes were grouped into five major clusters based on the assessed traits with the aid of UPGMA dendrogram. So hybridization of group I with group V or group VI could be used to attain higher heterosis or vigour among the genotypes. This evaluation could be useful in developing reliable selection indices for important agronomic traits in rice. It is recommended that future research explore molecular means to further confirm the outcome of this research and establish the relationship between the two methods.

Knowledge Management: Journal