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Relationship Between Soil Salinity and Physico-chemical Properties of Paddy Field Soils of Jhilwanja Union, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh

Nazmul Hossain
Department of Soil Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Muhammad Muhibbullah
Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Kazi Md. Barkat Ali
Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Morshed Hossan Molla
Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study attempts to examine the relationship between soil salinity and physico-chemical properties of paddy field soils of Jhilwanja union in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Data were analyzed by the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS: version-18) and study area map was prepared by Arc GIS 9.3 software. Present investigation reveals that soil textural class ranged from sandy to loam, a mean bulk density 1.58 g/cm³, and high soil temperature (M = 31.55). Soils were moderately acidic to basic and soil salinity (EC) content comes under low to medium (minimum = 3.10 dS/m, maximum = 7. 24 dS/m) range. The organic matter level exhibited absolutely lower (M = 0.75) than good agricultural soil. Soils of the area represents low in total N (M = 0.08), very low in total P content (M = 0.06), exchangeable Ca (M = 0.0009) were too low and lower content of exchangeable Mg (M = 0.26), but high level of exchangeable K (M = 0.57) content. Simple regression analysis showed that there was a significant effect of soil salinity on soil pH, soil temperature, OM, total N, total P, exchangeable K and Mg. Repairing coastal embankment (rubber dam), cultivating native high yielding variety, using organic fertilizer, implementing Integrated Soil Nutrient Management (ISNM) and adapting Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) can increase crop production and soil fertility level in study area.

Keywords: Soil salinity, Physico-chemical properties, Paddy field, Jhilwanja union Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh

Location: Jhilwanja Union of Cox’s Bazar district of Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soil salinity

Objectives:

In Bangladesh it needs Intensive researches on soil salinity have reported the adverse effects of salinity on the physical and chemical properties of soils and on plant growth and yield. But there is limited research on the relationship between soil salinity and physico-chemical properties of paddy field soils and prediction their effects. This study attempted to focus to fill that research gap of soil salinity and physioco-chemical properties of paddy field soil.

Methodology:

Study Area: Cox’s Bazar is a coastal district and natural combination of hill and sea. Cox’s Bazar Sadar has 10 Unions, 140 villages and 40 Mahallas, Jhilwanja union is one of them (District Statistics, 2011; BBS, 2013). Soil characteristics: soil pH ranges 4.5-5.7, soil texture is silt, soil salinity ranges 0-12 dS/m, soil pattern is complex due to local differences in sand, silt and clay contents. Agricultural activities; about 30% people are directly or indirectly depends on agriculture and they cultivate paddy, potato, pulse, onion, garlic, ginger, betel leaf, betel nut, wheat, sugarcane, ground nut, tobacco, rubber and vegetables. Soil Sample Collection: Spot method and random sampling techniques were used for sample collection from different paddy fields. Soil samples were collected from 0-15 cm depth. A total number of 11 samples were collected to determine surface soil salinity and fertility status. Samples were collected and analyzed from November 2015 to April 2015. Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to record the absolute positions of collected samples. For soil samples, a transparent polythene bags were used to preserve the samples and each bag was labelled. Samples were dried in laboratory at room temperature (25ºC) for 20 days and then ground. The ground samples were then sieved through a 20-mesh sieve (< 2 mm diameter) to make the samples suitable for chemical analyses. The labeled samples were analyzed in the environmental lab of the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies and Department of Soil Science, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Soil Analysis: The particle size distribution was determined by hydrometer method of Day (1965). Percentages of sand (> 50 μm), silt (2 to 50 μm) and clay (< 2 μm) were determined and used to identify the textural class from the textural triangle. This standard soil textural triangle was devised by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (Soil Survey Staff, 1951). Bulk density was determined by Saxton, Rawls, Romberger, and Papendick (1986) adapted by the Canadian soil texture triangle by Pedosphere.ca. Temperature (o C) was determined by the thermometer. Soil pH was determined by glass electrode pH meter as described by (Jackson, 1962) with soil water ratios of 1:2.5. Soil Electrical conductivity (EC) was measured by using a conductivity meter (Rhoades, 1982), and Organic carbon was determined by wet-oxidation method of Walkley and Black (1934) as modified by Allison (1965) was used to determine organic carbon. The organic matter was obtained by multiplying the content of organic carbon by Van Bemmelen, factor of 1.73 . Total nitrogen was determined by micro-Kjeldahl digestion by using CuSO₄-Na, SO₄ catalyst mixture was used to determine total nitrogen. The ammonia (NH₃) from the digestion was distilled with 40% NaOH into 5% Boric acid and determined by titrating with 0.001N H₂SO₄ (Jackson, 1973). Total P of the soil samples were determined after digestion with nitric acid-perchloric acid. P in the extract was measured colourimetrically by the phospho-vanadomolybdate method (Kitson & Mellon, 1944; Hanson, 1950). Content of exchangeable Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) of the soil samples were determined after digestion with nitric acid-perchloric acid; and measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed with SPSS 18.0 and Microsoft Office Excel and final map was prepared by Arc GIS 9.3 software.

Source of Information: Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 7, No. 10; 2015, ISSN 1916-9752 E-ISSN 1916-9760

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Coastal paddy field soils of Jhilwanja Union of Cox’s Bazar district of Bangladesh is characterized under moderately acidic to basic in soil reaction, soil salinity (EC) content comes under low to medium range. The organic matter level exhibited absolutely lower than good agricultural soil. The soils of this area showed low concentrations of total N, in total P content, exchangeable Ca, low content of exchangeable Mg and high level of exchangeable K. However, exchangeable Na+ and Cl- can also be suggested for accurate salinity assessment. Many environmental factors worked on soil properties, if future investigators take soil samples from study site and set an experiment in a greenhouse and observe different effects on rice performance it will be a better effort for controlling these factors. So, soils require attention regarding integrated nutrient management approaches and regular monitoring of soil health for better crop productivity and sustainable agriculture associated with applying integrated coastal zone management to ensure the food security for future generation.

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