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Eco-friendly Pest Control in Cucumber (cucumis Sativa L.) Field with Botanical Pesticides

Abul Kalam Azad*
Institute of Environmental Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh;

Arif Sardar
Institute of Environmental Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh;

Nilufa Yesmin
Institute of Environmental Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh;

Mizanur Rahman
Institute of Environmental Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Saiful Islam
Department of Crop Science and Technology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment on eco-friendly pest control in cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) field was conducted at Rajshahi University during April, 2011 to June, 2011 with eight botanical pesticides prepared from the leaves and seeds of Bangladeshi plants. These botanicals are mahogany seeds, (Swietenia mahagoni), chirata leaves (Swertia chirata), jute seeds (Corchorus olitorius L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), marigold leaves (Tagetes erecta) and carrot leaves (Daucus carota). One control treatment without botanicals was maintained during this experiment where only water was sprayed. Out of these botanicals, a less number of insect attacks on cucumber leaves (1.33 ± 0.19) were found in combined treatment of mahogany and chirata whereas a high number of insect attacks were observed in combined treatment of garlic and jute seed (5.89 ± 0.40) and control (4.66 ± 0.33). Individual application of chirata extract also showed good protection of cucumber leaves (1.67 ± 0.19) from insect attack. A smaller number of leaves perforations were found in the combined treatment of mahogany and chirata (3.44 ± 0.29) compared to control (14.22 ± 1.05). Chirata extract also showed good performance (4.00 ± 0.19) against leaves perforation of insect. Besides the pest control, botanical pesticides also have enormous effect on plant growth. The tallest cucumber plant was observed in the combined treatment of mahogany and chirata (469.00 ± 63.51 cm) and shortest in garlic treatment (84.56 ± 15.24 cm). The cucumber production was also high in combined treatment of mahogany and chirata (1863.33 ± 196.32 g) compared to control (1260.00 ± 501.63 g). From this study, it is found that combined application of mahogany and chirata extract not only showed good protection of cucumber plant from insect attack but also increased the cucumber production. Therefore, it can be concluded that farmers should use botanical pesticides from mahogany seeds and chirata leaves instead of toxic chemical insecticides for controlling pest in cucumber field.

Keywords: Cucumber; Chirata; Mahogany; Extract; Eco-Friendly

Location: IES experimental plot, Rajshahi University, during 12th April 2011 to 15th June 2011.

Start Date: 12-04-2011

End Date: 15-06-2011

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Cucumber

Objectives:

This study was conducted to find out a suitable botanical pesticide from indigenous herbs, shrubs and plants of Bangladesh for eco-friendly pest management in cucumber field.

Methodology:

Experimental Plot Preparation: A field experiment was conducted at IES experimental plot, Rajshahi University, during 12th April 2011 to 15th June 2011. Grasses and weeds of experimental plot were removed and ploughed the land properly with spade. Appropriate amount of manure (cow-dung) and chemical fertilizers (triple super phosphate, muriate of potash and urea) were applied into soil during field preparation. Then, the seeds were planted in the experimental plot. The plot was irrigated with tap water when necessary. There were nine treatments in this experiment and each treatment had three replications. Each replication had only one cucumber plant. Cucumber Cultivation: Cucumber seeds were sown in 12th April, 2011 and fruits harvest completed by 15th June, 2011. Botanicals and Control Treatments: Four individual botanical-extracts and four combined botanical extracts were tested in this experiment. Individual botanicals were mahogany seeds (Swietenia mahagoni); chirata leaves (Swertia chirata); jute seeds (Corchorus olitorius L.); garlic (Allium sativum L.), whereas combined botanicals were mahogany seeds and chirata leaves; jute seeds and chirata leaves; garlic and jute seeds, and marigold leaves and carrot leaves. One control treatment without botanicals was maintained in this experiment. Only water was sprayed in this treatment. Extraction of Botanical Pesticides: Leaves were dried at room temperature for seven days before grinding or cutting into small pieces. 100 g of grinding or cutting leaves and seeds were dissolved in one liter distilled water. The plant leaves and seed samples were kept in water for three days. Then solutions were filtered with plastic filter. The filtrated water-extracts were kept in refrigerator with plastic bottles until use. Spraying Method: The botanical extracts were sprayed on experimental plants twice a week. Pest Attack Counting: The pest attack was monitored every day and the damages were counted every 3 days in a week. The number of plants attacked, leaves attacked and the number of leaves perforation were recorded. Data Processing and Statistical Analysis: Data on plant length, total leaves, insect attack, leaves perforation and cucumber production were received from the monitoring data of three plants that means three replications of each treatment. The data of three replications were first averaged treatment-wise and statistical analysis was done using one way ANOVA (P≤ 0.05) followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to identify the significant differences between the treatments.

Source of Information: Natural Resources, 2013, 4, 404-409

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Eight botanical pesticides were sprayed on cucumber experimental plot. Out of these botanicals, application of combined extract of mahogany seeds and chirata leaves showed good results for pest control in cucumber field. The highest production of cucumber was also found in this treatment. Therefore, farmers of Bangladesh should use botanical pesticides from mahogany seeds and chirata in cucumber field instead of toxic chemical and synthetic pesticides.

Knowledge Management: Journal