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Yield Reduction and Arsenic Accumulation in Potatoes (solanum Tuberosum L.) in an Arsenic Contaminated Soil

Md. Nazmul Haque
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University. Dhaka

Md. Hazrat Ali
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University. Dhaka

Imtiaz Faruk Chowdhury
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University. Dhaka

Sheikh Muhammad Masum
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University. Dhaka

Tuhin Suvra Roy
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University. Dhaka

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was carried out at the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The different levels of arsenic (As) had a significant effect on the yield, yield reduction and As accumulation of different potato varieties. The yield was negatively affected by the As contamination and decreased with the increasing As levels in the soil, but remained statistically similar up to 25 mg kg^-1soil of As and thereafter drastically decreased with the increasing As levels. The yield reduction (%) and accumulation of As in the tuber peels and flesh increased with the increasing As levels. Among the fourteen potato varieties, ‘Felsina’ had the maximum yield and showed the lowest percentage of yield reduction of Jam alu and Cardinal accumulated the least amount of As in their peels and flesh, respectively. Among the treatment combinations, Felsina cultivated in an As-free soil had the highest yield/plant (454.8 g fresh weight). Laura grown in 25 mg kg^-1soil of As showed the lowest yield reduction (%). Although Jam alu and Cardinal produced a slightly lower yield compared to some other varieties, these two varieties accumulated the least amount of As, both in the peels and flesh, when grown in 25 mg kg^-1 soil of As.

Keywords: Heavy metals, Semimetals, Soil pollution, Tubers, Yield losses, Cultivar selection

Location: Experimental Field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date: 10-11-2012

End Date: 18-02-2013

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Potato

Objectives:

To know the effect of different levels of arsenic on yield of potato.

Methodology:

Location and plant material: This study was carried out at the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, located at 23°77' N and 90°37' E at an altitude of 8.6 m the sea level during November 10, 2012 to February 18, 2013. The average air temperature and precipitation during the growth of the potato crop were 15.57 to 26.27°C and 30.25 mm, respectively. The soil of the experimental site was silt loam in texture, with a pH of 6.4, 0.68% organic carbon, 800 mg kg^-1 of total nitrogen, 10.99 mg kg^-1 of available phosphorus, 19.5 mg kg^-1 of available potassium and 10.5 mg kg^-1 of available sulfur. Fourteen potato varieties: Diamant, Cardinal, Asterix, Granola, Lady Rosetta, Courage, BARI TPS-1, Meridian, Felsina, Laura, Quincy, Sagitta,Rumana, and Jam Alu and three arsenic levels of 0, 25 and 50 mg kg^-1 soil of As were selected for this experiment. Soil arsenic treatment: The soils collected from different locations in Bangladesh had elevated As concentrations, up to 57 mg kg^-1. However, recommended 20 mg kg^-1 as the safe level for As in agricultural soils. Sodium meta-arsenate (Na₂HAsO₄.7H₂O) was used as the source of As in the soil, according to the treatment. Yield reduction (%): Yield reduction was calculated with the formulae. Chemical analysis: After harvesting, samples were collected and dried. Tubers were washed and peeled with a mechanical peeler to obtain uniformity in thickness (2 mm) of the peel. The dried samples were smashed with a mortar and pastel machine. Then, a chemical analysis was done to find out the uptake amount. This analysis was done in the Bangladesh Council of Scientific Research Institute (BCSRI). The chemical analysis to determine the total As concentration in the plant samples was done with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer where argon was used as the carrier gas and As was melted at 925ºC. Statistical analysis: The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple range test for the variables at a 5% level of probability were conducted using the MSTAT-C programe.

Source of Information: Agronomia Colombiana 33 (3) : 315-321, (2015)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present experiment showed that the yield of the potatoes slowly decreased up to 25 mg kg^-1soil of As and thereafter drastically decreased as the As level increased. The yield of the potatoes was reduced with increasing As levels in the soil. The Felsina, Cardinal and Diamant varieties showed a better yield performance and less As accumulation, as compared to other varieties when cultivated with 25 mg kg^-1 soil of As.

Knowledge Management: Journal