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Impact of Natural Hosts and Artificial Adult Diets on Some Quality Parameters of the Melon Fly, Bactrocera Cucurbitae (coquillett) (diptera: Tephritidae)

A.K. Saha
IFRB, AERE Savar, Dhaka - 1000, Bangladesh

M. Khan
IFRB, AERE Savar, Dhaka - 1000, Bangladesh

G. Nahar
IFRB, AERE Savar, Dhaka - 1000, Bangladesh

F. Yesmin
IFRB, AERE Savar, Dhaka - 1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of different natural hosts and artificial adult diets on the pupal quality, adult emergence, ovariole number and longevity of the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) for two generations under laboratory condition. Pupal quality and percentage adult emergence was slightly higher in F₂ generation than F₁ generation from all tested hosts. B. cucurbitae fed on proteose-peptone sugar (1:4) produced twice as many as eggs when fed on yeast:sugar (1:3). The differences in fecundity can be explained by the higher number of ovarioles and source of protein ingested. Highly significant interaction between adult diets and natural hosts was observed in terms of ovariole number of B. cucurbitae. Experimental results indicated the importance of understanding the genetic traits in the variation of ovariole number among natural populations of the fly spp.

Keywords: Melon fly, Batrocera cucurbitae,Natual hosts, Adult diets, Quality parameters

Location: IFRB, AERE Savar, Dhaka - 1000, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-1993

End Date: 00-00-1993

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Insects

Objectives:

The objectives of the present research were to evaluate the quality of pupae and percentage of adult emergence of Bactrocera cucurbitae from the natural hosts tested; to determine the ovariole number and egg production reared in seven different natural hosts and fed on two different adult diets and to observe the longevity of adults from those eggs were collected (egging) and not collected (non-egging).

Methodology:

The flies used in the present study originated from a population collected from infested bitter gourd in 1993 and rearing continued for several generations (F-130) for better laboratory adaptation. About 1500-2000 adult flies were maintained in a wooden cage (60x50x45 cm) covered with nylon net.

The natural hosts used for the experimental purposes were: Sweet gourd, Cucurbita maxima (D.), Bitter gourd, Momordica charantia (L.), Snake gourd, Trichosanthus cucumerina (L.), Ribbed gourd, Luffa acutungula (L.), Sponge gourd Luffa cyclindsica (L.), Ash gourd, Benincasa hispida (Thumb) and Cucumber, Cucumis sativus (L.).

Two different adult diets used were: Proteose-peptone:sugar (1:4) and Yeast:sugar (1:3). Water was supplied as common drinking source via cotton wicks in conical flask to the flies.

Pupal quality and adult emergence: Seven different natural hosts measuring 500 g from each type were exposed at a time for 30 min in a cage (44x30x36 cm) filled with 200 gravid adults (F-130) from the laboratory adapted stock culture for egg laying. The flies used for egg laying termed as parental generation. They were then kept separately in small plastic container for pupation. Freshly emerged (24 h) pupae were then counted, weighted and subsequent adult emergence against each host was recorded. Emerged adults from each host were termed as F₁ generation and kept in similar type of cages (44x30x36 cm). The same experiment was also conducted to measure pupal quality and adult emergence for F₂ generation.

Effect of natural host and adult diet on ovariole number, egg production and longevity: Twenty (10?x10?) newly emerged adults (F₂) from respective hosts were separated into small cages (15x12x15 cm) and were fed on two different adult diets mentioned above. After 14 days mature females were anesthetized in chloroform vapour and were dissected in saline water. The number of ovarioles was counted under Nikon sterio-microscope. To determine the influence of natural host and adult diets on fecundity, newly emerged 5 pair adults (5?x5?) against each host were placed in small cages in two groups and fed on proteose-peptone:sugar (1:4) and yeast:sugar (1:3) separately. At the age of 14 days plastic vials perforated with holes (1.5 mm diameter and containing 30-40 holes) lined internally with respective host paste were used as egging receptacles for egg laying twice in a weak and continued until their death. Due to scarcity of snake-gourd, egg collection was not possible using the corresponding host paste. Longevity of the egging insects was also recorded against each host and adult diet. To record the longevity of non-egging insects the rest of the adults (F₂) were also separated in two cages against the respective host and also fed on two types of artificial adult diets. All experiments were conducted in controlled laboratory condition at 28±2°C and 85±5% RH and repeated three times.

Statistical analysis: All data obtained were statistically analysed using computer package Minitab, version-13.1. DMRT, one-way and two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were performed.

Source of Information: Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 10: 178-181; ISSN 1028-8880

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.178.181; URL: http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjbs.2007.178.181

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present experimental results suggested that sweet gourd is most suitable natural host for B. cucurbitae in terms of ovariole number, pupal quality and adult emergence. Proteose-peptone and sugar (1:4) can be recommended for the higher egg production of the fly species which will help to boost the mass rearing directed towards SIT. It needs further investigation on the relation between food and environmental condition on the development of oocytes and egg production and also the relation between protein ingestion and longevity of flies in egging and non-egging condition.

Knowledge Management: Journal