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Research Detail

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M N Alam
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

Akbar Hossain
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

M. Ilias
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

M M Akhter
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

M A Khaleque
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

M A Z Sarker
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

MJU Sarker
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

The study was carried out in the research field of Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research institute, Nashipur, Dinajpur, Bangladesh in the growing season of 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14 to observe the influence of terminal high temperature on phenological traits of three wheat varieties and one advanced line. Thus the objectives were to identify heat tolerant phenological traits of genotypes and heat tolerant genotypes at irrigated late sowing (ILS) conditions. The treatments were 4 dates of sowing viz. 30 November, 15 December, 30 December & 14 January  and 4 genotypes viz. BARI Gom-26, BAW-1151, BARI Gom-27 & BARI Gom-28 . The genotypes BAW-1151, BARI Gom-27 & BARI Gom-28 were taken as test genotypes and BARI Gom-26 as check. The design was split-plot with 3 replications. The sowing date, 30 November was expressed by Irrigated timely sowing (ITS) and 15 December, 30 December & 14 January were as Irrigated late sowing (ILS).  In ILS conditions, the genotypes phased high temperature stress that significantly reduced the number of tillers, required days to booting, heading, anthesis & physiological maturity, number of spike m-2, spikelets spike-1, grains spike-1, TGW etc and finally the grain yield of all genotypes as compared to ITS condition since those genotypes faced from 19 February to 09 April average mean temperature during booting to physiological maturity stages from 19.4 to 22.6 0C temperature  in the season of 2011-12, 19.3 to 27.8 0C temperature in the season of 2012-13 and 18.8  to 28.8 0C temperature in the growing season of 2013-14.  All genotypes sown on 30 November and 15 December produced yield more than 4 t ha-1 but produced less than 4 t ha-1 in other ILS conditions. Considering overall performance, The variety BARI Gom-28 was the best performing variety in optimum seeding and heat stress condition as the deviation of phenological stages reduced by the lowest percentage and the yield is the highest among all the varieties in both conditions. BARI Gom-27 can be the second promising variety followed by BARI Gom-26.
  Moisture percentage, Temperature, Wheat, Phenology
  Nashipur, Dinajpur,
  00-00-2011
  00-00-2013
  Crop-Soil-Water Management
  Wheat

To find out heat stress tolerant variety(s) and/or genotype(s) suitable for cultivation in rising temperature

The trial was carried out during Rabi season of 2011-12 and 2012-13 (from November to April) in the research farm of WRC, BARI, Nashipur, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. The soil of the experimental field belongs to under the ‘Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain’ designated as Agro Ecological Zone (AEZ) # 1 (FAO/UNDP, 1988) characterized by flood free highland, fine in texture (Sandy loam and Silty loam), poor in organic matter content and strongly acidic (pH ranges from 4.5 to 5.5) (WRC, 2009). It is situated in the northern part of Bangladesh and geographically the area lies between 25°38" N and 88°41" E, and 38.20 m above from the sea level. The treatments were two dates of sowing viz. 30 November (D1), 15 December (D2), 30 December (D3) & 14 January (D4) and four genotypes viz. BARI Gom-26 (V1), BAW (Bangladesh Advanced Wheat)-1151 (V2), BARI Gom-27 (V3) & BARI Gom-28 (V4). The experimental design was Split-plot. Sowing times were accommodated in main plot and the genotypes were assigned to subplot. The unit plot size was 4×4 m. The land was prepared with four times ploughing horizontally with power tiller followed by laddering in 12-15 cm depth. Each of the subplots was fertilized @ 120-30-50-20-1-4.5-5000 kg ha?1 as N-P-K-S-B-Zn-cowdung. Urea, Triple superphosphate (TSP), Muriate of potash (MoP), Gypsum, Boric acid and Zinc sulphate were used as the source of N, P, K, S, B and Zn, respectively. All of TSP, MoP, gypsum, boric acid, zinc sulphate, cowdung and 2/3 3rd of urea were applied as basal dose during final land preparation. Seeds were treated with Provax 200 WP @ 3g/Kg seeds which contains Carboxin and Thiram. After well preparation of land, seeds @ 120 kg ha-1 of each genotype were sown continuously in 20 cm apart rows in 2.5-5.0 cm depth. One sowing was performed on 30 November (Normal growing environment; NS) and another on 30 December (heat stress environment; LS).The rest amount of urea was applied as top dress at crown root initiation (CRI) stage followed by first irrigation (at 20 Days after sowing; DAS). The second irrigation was applied at late booting stage (55 DAS) and another applied at early grain filling stage (75 DAS). The data of numbers of tillers, days to booting, heading, anthesis, physiological and harvest maturity, yield and yield contributing characters {Spike m-2, spike length, spikelets spike-1, grain spike-1, Thousand Grain Weight (TGW) and grain yield} were taken. The number of tillers was counted from randomly selected five lines (each length 1.0 m) in the field standing crop. After full maturity, the crop was harvested plot wise according to treatments. Sample plants were harvested separately with sickle from an area of 2.4×3 m (i.e., 3 m long, 12 middle rows) of each subplot avoiding border effects. The harvested crop of each subplot was bundled separately, tagged and taken to a threshing floor. The bundles were thoroughly dried in bright sunshine until fully dried, then weighed and threshed. Threshed grains of each subplot were again dried with sunshine and weighed; lastly grain yield was converted into t ha-1. To obtain the actual yield of all genotypes, grain yield weight was adjusted at 12% moisture by the following equation (Hellevang, 1995):

             

Y (M2) =   100-M1 /  100-M2  × Y (M1)

       

Where, Y (M2) = weight of grain at expected moisture percentage (generally 12% for wheat)

Y (M1) = weight of grain at present moisture percentage

M1 = present moisture percentage

M2 = expected moisture percentage

. Data were analyzed using MSTAT-C. Treatment means were compared for significance by the least significant difference (LSD) test at P ≤ 0.05.

  Annual Research Report, Wheat Research Centre, BARI--2013-14
  
Funding Source:
1.   Budget:  
  

Number of tiller per meter square (m-2) produced by various genotypes in different days was statistically highly significant. Spring wheat genotypes seeded in four spells began to produce tiller near at 20 DAS (Day after sowing). It was the preliminary stage of tiller production of spring wheat. The highest number of tillers was produced by various genotypes at 40 DAS. Generally, it is called the maximum tillering stage of spring wheat. It was observed that the maximum tillers were produced at 40 DAS during 14 January sowing. Because, during the time the lowest temperature remained which was perhaps the favourable for tiller production of wheat. Then this period, tiller’s mortality had started and the tillers production pattern was being reduced gradually and it was the lowest at 80 DAS. Among the four genotypes, always the highest tiller was produced by BARI Gom-27. This was the inheritance capacity of it. On the other hand, the tiller production rate was reduced gradually on the chronological later date of sowing, because on the passage of time the temperature of Bangladesh was being increased which was unfavourable for the growth and development of wheat. In fact, the tiller production was lower at different days at later sowing. The required days for reaching at to booting stage of all genotypes in all sowing dates was statistically significant. Reproductive phases like gametogenesis (8-9 days before anthesis), booting and fertilization (1-3 days after anthesis) in vari­ous plants are most sensitive to high temperature. Both male and female gameto­phytes are sensitive to high temperature and the response varies with genotypes, however, ovules are generally less heat sensitive than pollen. In its condition, all the genotypes phased booting stage between 56 and 60 days in the season of 2011-12, in between 53 and 55 days in the season of 2012-13 and in between 47 and 49 days in the growing season of 2013-14. On the passage of later seeding conditions, the gradual increased temperature resulted in less time to attain booting stage of all genotypes. Among the genotypes, BARI Gom-28 took significantly less time in all years. Moreover the required days of BARI Gom-28 for reaching at booting stage did not decreased severely like other genotypes. It meant that BARI Gom-28 had the higher capability to grow in higher temperature. So, it was said the BARI Gom-28 had the higher temperature tolerant ability. On the contrary, BARI Gom-26 required the maximum days to reach at the booting all sowing times. So, it had no temperature tolerant ability like BARI Gom-28.

It can be summarized that the heat stress significantly affected tiller production capacity, phenology as well as the yield of wheat. The performance of all genotypes is better in all respects in optimum sowing. The variety BARI Gom-28 was the best performing variety in optimum seeding and heat stress condition as the deviation of phenological stages reduced by the lowest percentage and the yield is the highest among all the varieties in both conditions. BARI Gom-27 can be the second promising variety followed by BARI Gom-26.
  Report/Proceedings
  


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