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Study on Etiology, Incidence and Severity of Southern Corn Leaf Blight, Curvularia Leaf Spot, Sheath Blight and Damping Off of Maize

Md. Moshiur Rahman Akonda
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Monira Yasmin
Dept. of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Ismail Hossain
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted to determine the incidence and severity of different fungal diseases of maize occurred in the major maize growing regions (Bogra, Gaibandha, Mymensingh and Rangpur) of Bangladesh during January 2007 to March 2008. Incidence and severity of the diseases viz. southern corn leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis), curvularia leaf spot (Curvularia lunata), sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) and damping off of seedlings (Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp. and Penicillium spp.) were recorded from a hybrid variety Pacific- 984 and a high yielding variety Khai Vutta at seedling stage (30 DAS-Days After Sowing), vegetative growth stage (60 DAS) and silking stage (90 DAS) of the plant. The etiology of the diseases was also studied. Considering all growth stages of plant, the comparative analysis revealed that incidence and severity of the diseases varied from one district to another, but almost minimum levels of infection were observed in Rangpur followed by Bogra, Gaibandha and Mymensingh. The results also depicted that southern corn leaf blight and curvularia leaf spot were found at all the growth stages of plants, sheath blight was found at vegetative stage and silking stage, where as damping off symptoms were recorded only at seedling stage of maize plants. As the pathogens have negative influence on plant health as well as yield so, special attention should be given by the growers to minimize the fungal infections by promoting good agricultural practices in the maize growing districts of the country.

Keywords: Etiology, Disease, Incidence, Severity, Maize

Location: Bogra, Gaibandha, Mymensingh and Rangpur

Start Date: 00-01-2007

End Date: 00-03-2008

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Maize

Objectives:

To study the etiology of the diseases and to record the incidence and severity of maize diseases at specific growth stages of plants in the existing maize fields of the farmer.

Methodology:

The field experiment was conducted in four maize growing districts of Bangladesh during January 2007-March 2008. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five replications. Four districts i.e. Rangpur, Gaibandha, Bogra and Mymensingh under different Agro ecological Zones (AEZ) were considered as treatment of the experiment. Maize was grown during Rabi season in the surveyed regions within the period of last week of November to first week of December 2007. The line to line and plant to plant spacing were as Rangpur-58 × 22 cm², Gaibandha-60 × 20 cm², Bogra-60 × 17cm² and Mymensingh-75×20 cm². No pesticide was applied during the growing season of maize. In case of Mymensingh, weeding and thinning were done only at seedling stage of the plants, but no weeding was done in other regions. Data collection - Data on disease incidence and severity were recorded at seedling stage (30 DAS), vegetative growth stage (60 DAS) and silking stage (90 DAS) from a hybrid variety Pacific-984 and a high yielding variety Khai Vutta those were cultivated in Bogra, Gaibandha, Rangpur and Mymensingh respectively. To record incidence and severity, one village/location from each Thana’s of each District was selected. From each village/location, five farmer’s fields were selected at random. Actual disease assessment was made on five unit areas of each randomly selected farmer’s field. The size of each unit area was 2m × 2m. For determining disease incidence, total number of infected plants from each unit area were counted and finally expressed as percentage. The following formula is used in case of disease incidence: Disease incidence (%) = (Number of infected plants per plot/Total number of plants) x 100. To record the disease severity, ten infected leaves for each disease were selected at random from a unit area and finally per cent diseased area was measured bases on eye estimation. In case of sheath blight severity, the relative lesion height was calculated as per the formula given below: Relative lesion height (%) = [Lesion height (cm)/Plant height (cm)] x 100. The mean values of the individual treatment were compared with least significant difference (LSD) and analysis of variance was done using MSTAT program. Isolation of the pathogen from infected plant materials The symptoms bearing leaves and sheath for each disease were collected from the selected farmers’ fields and carried to the MS laboratory, Dept. of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. After cleaning and washing, diseased samples with typical symptoms were selected and cut into 1.5-2 mm pieces containing both healthy and diseased parts. The inocula were then surface-sterilized by using 30% ethanol for 2 minutes and washed three times with consecutive changes of sterile water. Excess water remained onto the inocula was removed by sterilized blotting papers. Four inocula were plated in each of three petridishes containing PDA media. The whole operation was done in a laminar air flow cabinet. The petridishes were then incubated at room temperature for seven days in case of fast growing fungi, and twenty one days in case of slow growing fungi. After the required time, each petridish was observed individually under Stereomicroscope and temporary after that permanent slides were prepared for taking pathogenic structure. The photograph of the distinct pathogenic structure was taken from the permanent slides at 20X magnification using Olympus Microscope (Field Fertility Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Science, BAU, Mymensingh).

Source of Information: International Journal of Biosciences | IJB |; ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print), 2222-5234 (Online); Vol. 7, No. 6, p. 111-117, 2015

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.innspub.net; http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/7.6.111-117

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Among the diseases, southern corn leaf blight and curvularia leaf spot were found at all the growth stages of the plant. Sheath blight was observed at vegetative and reproductive stage but damping off was recorded at seedling stage only. The damaging indicators of these diseases varied from one location to another, probably due to differences in cultivars, the growth phase of the plant and agro ecological zones. The results revealed that the incidence and severity of these diseases were comparatively at minimum in Rangpur, followed by Bogra, Gaibandha and Mymensingh. As the pathogens have negative influence on plant health as well as yield so, special attention should be given by the growers to minimize the fungal infections by promoting good agricultural practices in the maize growing districts of the country. Further research should be focused on developing high yielding, disease resistant maize cultivars by exploitation of molecular techniques to maximize the production.

Knowledge Management: Journal