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Effect of Spent Mushroom Compost on Yield and Fruit Quality of Tomato

Reema Ashrafi
BINA Substation, Jamalpur, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Md. Rashedur Rahman Rajib
Scientific Officer
Horticulture Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Rajia Sultana
Agricultural Economics Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

M Mazibur Rahman
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Musharrof Hossain Mian
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Faria Hossain Shanta
Crop Physiology and Sugar Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute, Isurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted to observe the performance of the composted spent mushroom substrate (SMS) along with chemical fertilizers on the yield, fruit quality and nutrient uptake by tomato plant for using the mushroom waste through composting. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with seven replications. Treatments were T₁: no fertilizer and compost application (control), T₂: recommended dose of fertilizers (RFD), T₃: 25% SMC-N+ 75% fertilizer-N, T₄: RFD + 2.5 t ha^-1 SMC, T₅: 50% SMC-N + 50% fertilizer-N, T₆: 100% SMC-N and T₇: 100% SMC-N + 50% fertilizer-N. Application of SMS compost at 2.5 t ha^-1 along with recommended fertilizer dose showed the best performance for number of fruits, fruit yield, fruit quality (total protein, vitamin C, total sugar, reducing sugar) and nutrient uptake by tomato. This treatment showed significantly higher fruit yield, quality and nutrient uptake not only over control but also RFD, SMS compost alone and combination of SMS compost & RFD. Though SMS compost alone proved less effective, however combined application of SMS compost at 2.5 t ha^-1 with chemical fertilizer of recommended dose had shown to be more effective.

Keywords: Spent mushroom compost; Yield; Fruit quality; Tomato

Location: Field Laboratory of the Department of Soil Science, BAU, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-11-2010

End Date: 00-03-2011

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Tomato

Objectives:

To observe the performance of the composted spent mushroom substrate (SMS) along with chemical fertilizers on the yield, fruit quality and nutrient uptake by tomato plant for using the mushroom waste through composting.

Methodology:

Compost of spent mushroom substrate was prepared at the Field Laboratory of the Department of Soil Science, BAU, Mymensingh during April to July 2010. Field experiment was also conducted in the Field Laboratory of the Department of Soil Science, BAU, Mymensingh during November 2010 to March 2011. Spent mushroom substrate was heaped into piles under a cover shed over a 12-week period. The compost pile was turned twice a month for the first 10 weeks and then the materials were allowed to attain maturity over a period of 4 weeks, with no turning. Moisture content of the feed was kept at around 60-70% throughout the composting period by sprinkling adequate quantities of water. The composted material was allowed for curing over a minimum of one month to create more stable compost. There were seven treatments in the experiment and each treatment was replicated 3 times. Treatments were defined according to the different levels of inorganic fertilizer and SMS compost as basal application. The treatments were as follows: T₁= No fertilizer and compost application (control), T₂= Recommended dose of fertilizers (RFD), T₃= 25% SMC-N+ 75% fertilizer-N, T₄= RFD + 2.5 t ha^-1 SMC, T₅= 50% SMC-N + 50% fertilizer-N, T₆= 100% SMC-N, T₇= 100% SMC-N + 50% fertilizer-N Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications of each treatment was laid out. Each plot size was 5 m² (2.5 m long and 2 m wide), with 1 m between blocks and 0.5 m between plots. Healthy and uniform sized 25 days’ old tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum; variety was Ruma) seedlings were transplanted to the experimental plots on 04 November 2010. Spacing of 50 cm between the rows and 50 cm between the plants were maintained. Urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum and zinc oxide were used as sources of N, P, K, S and Zn, respectively. All fertilizers except urea were applied as basal before sowing/planting of the crops. SMC and all fertilizers except urea were applied during final land preparation. Urea was applied in two split applications, the first split at seedling establishment stage and the second at flowering stage. Various intercultural operations were accomplished after seedling emergence for better growth and development of plants such as gap filling, weeding, staking, irrigation and plant protection. Tomato fruits were harvested when they became slightly red. Harvesting was done at 3-4 day intervals whenever necessary. After harvesting, data were collected on number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit yield. Plant analysis was accomplished to determine N, P, K and S contents. Further biochemical analysis was performed to measure protein, vitamin C and sugar contents. Digestion of plant samples were done with sulphuric acid and then the digest was estimated by distilling the digest with 10N NaOH followed by titration of the distillate trapped in H₃BO₃ indicator solution with 0.01N H₂SO₄. Wet digestion of plant samples with nitric- perchloric acid was performed for the determination of phosphorous, potassium and sulphur. Phosphorus was determined colorometrically using molybdovanadate solution yellow colour method and the S concentration by turbidity method. The K concentration in the acid digest was determined directly by flame photometer. Biochemical analysis for total protein, vitamin C, total sugar and reducing sugar was done following standard methods. The principle of protein estimation is based on estimating the nitrogen content of the material and then multiplying the nitrogen value by 6.25. The estimation of nitrogen was made by micro-kjeldahl method. Total sugar content was determined by the Anthrone method. Reducing sugar content was determined by following the method. L-ascorbic acid was extracted with 6% Metaphosphoric acid and was estimated by titrimetric method. Data on the yield and other plant parameters were statistically analyzed using MSTAT-C computer programme. Means were computed following DMRT at 5% level using the same computer programme.

Source of Information: Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2015, 1 (3), 471-477; ISSN 2411-4472 (Print) 2412-5571 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): doi: 10.3329/ajmbr.v1i3.26464, www.ebupress.com/journal/ajmbr

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Application of SMS compost at 2.5 t ha^-1 along with recommended fertilizer dose showed the best performance for number of fruits, fruit yield, fruit quality (total protein, vitamin C, total sugar, reducing sugar) and nutrient uptake by tomato. This treatment showed significantly higher fruit yield, quality and nutrient uptake not only over control but also RFD, SMS compost alone and combination of SMS compost & RFD. Though SMS compost alone proved less effective, however combined application of SMS compost at 2.5 t ha^-1 with chemical fertilizer of recommended dose had shown to be more effective.

Knowledge Management: Journal