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Effect of Cypermethrin on the Histoarchitecture of Gills and Liver of a Freshwater Catfish, Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus

Md. Shirajum Monir
Scientific Officer
Freshwater Station, Mymensingh-2201, Bangladesh.

Mohammad Ashaf-Ud-Doulah
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Head Quarter, Mymensingh-2201, Bangladesh

Md. Khalilur Rahman
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater Station, Mymensingh-2201, Bangladesh

Jubaida Nasreen Akhter
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater Station, Mymensingh-2201, Bangladesh

Md. Rayhan Hossain
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater Station, Mymensingh-2201, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Histoarchitecture effect of cypermethrin was investigated in the gills and liver of freshwater catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (weight 60-70g) over an exposure period of 96 h as an endpoint of toxicity. The fish were exposed to five acute concentrations (0.00ml/L, 0.025ml/L, 0.050ml/L, 0.075ml/L and 0.10ml/L) and the 96 h LC₅₀ was 0.075 ml/L. The physical reactions observed in the treated fish were erratic swimming, discolorations of the skin, loss of reflex, hyperactivities, surfacing, increasing opercula ventilation and these effects increased with increasing concentration of the toxicants and duration of exposure. The most common changes in gills histoarchitecture at all doses of cypermethrin were curl shape gill lamellae, bulged with the fusion of secondary gill lamellae, severe epithelial necrosis in gill lamellae and hypertrophy. The changes observed in the liver tissues were cloudy swelling, focal necrosis and hypertrophy of hepatocytes, degeneration of hepatocytes and cytoplasmic, extensive vacuolation of hepatocytes and pyknotic nuclei. The results of this histoarchitecture analysis of gills and liver tissues indicate a direct correlation between cypermethrin exposure and the histoarchitecture disorders.

Keywords: Histoarchitecture, Cypermethrin, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Toxicity, LC50

Location: Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI), Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cat fish

Objectives:

Objective of this study was to determine the effect of cypermethrin on the histoarchitecture of gills and liver of a freshwater catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out in the Fish Diseases and Health Management Laboratory, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI), Mymensingh. Healthy P. hypophthalmus having a weight range of 60-70 gm were collected from Mymensingh local fish market. Collected fishes were washed with 0.1% of potassium permagnate (KMnO₄) solution to avoid dermal infection. Fishes were then rinsed in water and acclimatized to the laboratory conditions up to 14 days in 75 L capacity glass aquaria. During acclimatization period, fishes were fed with artificial pellet feed and water of the aquaria was also changed once daily. Feeding was stopped 24 h prior to the commencement of the toxicity test experiment. The cypermethrin toxicity test was carried out in fifteen glass aquaria and each aquarium contained 25 L of water where six healthy fish were introduced. The definitive toxicity test was carried out using; 0.00ml/L (control), 0.025ml/L, 0.050ml/L, 0.075ml/L and 0.10ml/L concentration of cypermethrin. Each of the toxicant concentration was replicated three times. The LC₅₀ of cypermethrin on the test fish was determined using probit analysis. All data obtained in both tests were analyzed using probit method and the graphical method (Finney, 1971). After the 96 h experiment, gills and liver specimens were collected from fish alive and were preserved in 10% buffered formalin. Preserved tissues were washed under tap water for 24 h to remove formalin, dehydrated, clarified with xylene and embedded in paraffin blocks. They were cut at 4-5μ thickness by using Elisa microtome and stained routinely with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histoarchitecture examination. Stained histoarchitecture sections were examined under trinoculare microscope. Histoarchitecture changes observed were photographed and interpreted in comparison to the work of previous.

Source of Information: Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2015, 1 (3), 641-647; ISSN 2411-4472

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/AJMBR/article/view/26488/17780

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The freshwater catfish, P. hypophthalmus exposed to various concentration of cypermethrin resulted that this synthetic pyrethroid was highly toxic to the P. hypophthalmus with lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of 0.075ml/L. The present histpathological investigation demonstrates a direct correlation between cypermethrin exposure and histoarchitecture changes observed in gills and liver. Therefore, cypermethrin which are used in aquaculture as treatment and disinfectant should be used very carefully.

Knowledge Management: Journal