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Animal Anthrax in Sirajganj District of Bangladesh

SK Shaheenur Islam
Upazila Livestock Officer
Epidemiology Unit, Department of Livestock Services, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh.

David M. Castellan
FAO Regional Office for Asia and Pacific, 39 Phra Atit Road Bangkok-10200, Thailand.

AHM Taslima Akhter
FAO Field Office in Barisal, Bangladesh.

Md. Mehedi Hossain
Epidemiology Unit, Department of Livestock Services, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh.

Md. Zakiul Hasan
Food Safety Programme, Institute of Public Health, Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A descriptive study was conducted using secondary surveillance data of animal anthrax from the Epidemiology Unit of Department of Livestock Services (DLS) for the years 2010, 2011 and 2012. The objectives of this study were to describe the pattern of animal anthrax in Sirajgong district of Bangladesh from 2010 to 2012 and to assess the current use of anthrax vaccine (Vaccine Coverage) based on animal, time and place. The study found that the disease was more prevalent in this district at the beginning of the early monsoon (Month of May, June when flood water enters) and the late monsoon (Month of September, October, when flood water recedes). Cattle were the predominant animal species affected with anthrax in this district followed by goats and sheep. The overall mean case fatality rate was 30.19%. The numbers of reported anthrax outbreaks in cattle had declined each year with 111 in 2010, 32 in 2011 and 20 in 2012. The annual mean vaccination coverage during the same years was 44.29%, 46.23% and 37.88% respectively. To reduce the number of outbreaks in animals and humans in Sirajganj district the annual vaccination coverage requires improvement. Behavior change through building greater awa

Keywords: Anthrax outbreak; Epidemiology; Surveillance

Location: Sirajganj district

Start Date: 00-00-2010

End Date: 00-00-2012

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

1. To describe the pattern of animal anthrax in Sirajgong district of Bangladesh

2. To assess the current use of anthrax vaccine (Vaccine Coverage) based on animal, time and place.

Methodology:

Data from nine (9) Upazilas (sub-districts) of Sirajganj district were selected to conduct the study during the years of 2010-2012. A descriptive study was designed to find out the pattern of animal anthrax during the years of 2010-2012. The data on ‘suspect’ anthrax cases were recorded using monthly passive surveillance system of respective Upazilas (sub-districts) received by the Epidemiology Unit of DLS on monthly basis. Among the reported suspected cases, 50% were confirmed through laboratory (FDIL) and District Veterinary Hospital (DVH) visits. Cattle, sheep, goat and buffalo dying without showing apparent signs with bloody discharges from an external orifice of the body in Sirajganj district from 2010 to 2012. Cattle, sheep, goat and buffalo with fever, depression, difficulty in breathing bloody discharges from natural openings, convulsion and death within two or three days if not treated. Blood samples taken from suspect animals from superficial blood vessels or natural orifice of dead animals (Cattle, sheep, goat and buffalo) stain positively with polychrome methylene blue staining technique under microscope with high power objective (X100) using immersion oil. Written records of secondary surveillance data for the years 2010, 2011 and 2012 were converted electronically using Microsoft Excel® worksheets. The method of data collection and the data was validated through field visits in Upazila Livestock Offices, District Veterinary Hospital (DVH) and Field Disease Investigation Laboratory (FDIL). The data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel® tools including proportion, percentage, mean and other relevant descriptive statistics. The results are presented in narrative, tabular and also in graphical presentation.

Source of Information: Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2015, 1 (3), 387-395; ISSN 2411-4472 (Print) 2412-5571 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): doi: 10.3329/ajmbr.v1i3.26444, www.ebupress.com/journal/ajmbr

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results of this study supported the need for an adequate supply of animal anthrax vaccine to be administered twice in a year in all susceptible animal in this high risk district. The targeted vaccination of high risk districts such Sirajganj where recurrent outbreaks occur each year should be further considered. This will require adequate manpower including trained paraveterinarians to conduct vaccination campaign for covering entire area.

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