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Effect of Planting Time on the Growth and Yield of Chia (salvia Hispanica L.)

Md. Masudul Karim
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Md. Ashrafuzzaman
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Md. Alamgir Hossain
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) contains the highest level of omega- 3 fatty acid available in any cultivated plant source. The objective of this research was to find out the suitable planting time for chia in Bangladesh and to study the effect of planting time on its growth and yield. An experiment was carried out at the field laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, during the period from November 2013 to July 2014 to study the growth, morpho-physiological yield contributing characters and yield of chia. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The collected data were analyzed statistically and the means were adjudged by DMRT using the statistical computer package program, MSTAT_C. The tallest plant (136 cm), highest number of inflorescence plant^–1 (13.67), highest amount of total dry matter (305 g) and highest root length (7.767 cm) were recorded from November planting at harvest. However, leaf area plant^–1 (207.2 cm²) and LAI (1.891) had also significantly higher from November planting at 90 days after sowing (DAS) compared to other planting times. November planting further recorded the higher CGR (33.43 g m^-2 day^-1) at the stage between 76–90 DAS and thereafter they decreased. Higher seed yield (1033 Kg ha^–1), husk yield (888 Kg ha^–1), seed yield plant^-1 (4.773 g), husk yield plant^-1 (2.840 g) were also recorded from November planting. In December planting the seed yield, husk yield, seed yield plant^-1, husk yield plant^-1 were 681 Kg ha^–1, 340 Kg ha^–1, 2.350g and 0.9467g, respectively. Lower seed yield (159 Kg ha^–1), husk yield (166 Kg ha^–1), seed yield plant^-1 (0.6150 g) and husk yield plant^-1 (0.5383 g) were recorded from January planting. Except total dry matter, other morpho-physiological characters, yield and yield contributing factors were less effective in January than other planting time. February and March planting did not produce any fertile spike resulting yield less vegetative growth. These results revealed that, November planting was found outstanding superiority for plant growth, yield and morpho-physiological characters of chia in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Chia, Salvia hispanica, Chia seed, Omega- 3 fatty acid, Alpha linolenic acid, Linoleic acid

Location: Field laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-11-2013

End Date: 00-07-2014

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Chilli

Objectives:

To find out the feasibility of chia seed production in Bangladesh by optimizing time of planting.

Methodology:

The seeds of Chia were used as the planting materials for this experiment. The experimental field was medium high land belonging to the Sonatala soil series of grey flood plain soil type under the Agro-ecological Zone-9 (AEZ-9) named old Brahmaputra Flood Plain. The experiment was laid out as single factor experiment in Randomized Completely Block Design with 5 treatments and 3 replicates. The experiment consisted of 12 unit plots; each plot was 5 m × 4 m in size. Plot to plot distance was 0.5 m. The experimental land was first opened on 2^nd November 2013 with a power tiller. The land was further ploughed and cross-ploughed several times followed by laddering until a good tilth was achieved. Fertilizers used in the experimental land were urea (120 Kg ha^-1), triple superphosphate (80 Kg ha^-1), muriate of potash (60 Kg ha^-1), gypsum (30 Kg ha^-1) and well decomposed cowdung (10 t ha^-1). Before final harrowing a basal dose of half of the amount of urea; all-triple superphosphate, muriate of potash gypsum and cowdung were applied. The remaining half of urea was top-dressed after 45 days after sowing (DAS) when the plants reached at juvenile stage. Planting times were the treatment of this research. Five planting times were used as follows: November, December, January, February and March. Agronomic practices like irrigation, weeding, thinning etc. were done accordingly. The plants were uprooted carefully for data collection. The crop of each experimental plot was harvested separately at full physiological maturity on different dates. The harvested crop of each plot was bundled separately and tagged properly. The bundles were dried in sunshine and brought to a clean floor. Seeds and other plant parts were collected by simple hand threshing and data were recorded properly. The collected data were analyzed statistically following the analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique and the mean differences were adjudged by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) using the statistical computer package program, MSTAT_C. .

Source of Information: Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2015, 1 (3), 502-507 (ISSN 2411-4472)

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Achievement/Findings:

Based on the research result it may be concluded that Bangladesh has a good potential for chia seed production and it should be planted on November for higher seed yield.

Knowledge Management: Journal