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Seasonal Variation of Physicochemical and Toxic Properties in Three Major Rivers; Shitalakhya, Buriganga and Turag Around Dhaka City, Bangladesh

S.M. Didar-Ul Islam
Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh

Gausul Azam
Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The indiscriminate dumping and release of wastes containing hazardous substances into rivers might lead to environmental disturbance which could be considered as a potential source of stress to biotic community. The purpose of this study was to investigate the seasonal variation in physicochemical and toxic metal concentrations of Shitalakhya, Buriganga and Turag river around Dhaka city as different kinds of industries dispose their waste into rivers. The results envisaged the, deteriorate of water quality with significant seasonal changes. In order to characterize the seasonal variability of surface water quality in these three rivers, Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated from 14 parameters, periodically measured at three sampling sites of each river round a year. The results indicated a relatively good water quality was found in monsoon and the seasonal order of pollution magnitude is post-monsoon>pre-monsoon>monsoon. Water quality conditions were critical during postmonsoon, due to increase of anthropogenic interferences, low rainfall and river flow.

Keywords: Seasonal variation, Water pollution, Heavy metal, WQI, Dhaka city

Location: Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University

Start Date: 00-00-2014

End Date: 00-00-2015

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water quality

Objectives:

The present study was designed to investigate seasonal variation of water quality, which could adversely affect the plants and animals, including aquatic habitat in this major rivers of Dhaka city.

Methodology:

Sample collection - Water samples were collected from three locations of each river based on industrial density at their banks in three distinct seasons; pre-monsoon (March-May), Monsoon (June-August) and post-monsoon (December-February) in the year of 2014-2015. Geographical location of each sampling point was determined by GARMIN handheld global positioning system (GPS). During sampling, sample bottles were rinsed with river water to be sampled three times. Water samples were collected from two different layer 0-10 cm (Upper) and >3 m (Lower) below the river water surface and tries to avoided bubble formation and addition of suspended particles as possible. All the sampling were properly labeled and carried out using disposable hand gloves with proper care and stored in ice box. Samples were preserved in two methods, one for normal non-metallic and other for metallic analysis which was preserved by adding very few drops of concentrated HNCO₃. Laboratory analysis Physicochemical parameters (pH, DO, TDS) of river water were measured on spot by using calibrated digital multimeter (HACH, 51910). Electric conductance (EC) was measured at 25ºC in μS/cm, using an electric conductivity meter (HANNA, HI 8033).Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) was done by 5-days incubation, 20ºC method and COD measured by closed reflux colorimetric method using Colorimeter (HACH, DR/890).Concentration of heavy metals such as; Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Al, Pb, Cr and Hg were estimated by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS UNICAM 969). Data processing tools - Arc.GIS (Version 10.1) has been used for mapping and showing sample locations. Water samples data were analyzed and presentusing the software MS Excel.

Source of Information: Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES); ISSN: 2220-6663 (Print) 2222-3045 (Online); Vol. 7, No. 3, p. 120-131, 2015

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.innspub.net

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From present study it has been found that the Shitalakhya, Buriganga and Turag rivers are strongly polluted and unsuitable for drinking and irrigation purposes. The analytical results of the physicochemical parameters i. e., pH, EC, TDS,DO, BOD, COD and toxic metal concentrations i. e., Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Al, Pb, Hg, Cr etc. are highest in Postmonsoon and lowest in monsoon.WQI calculation in this present study, reveals an integrated scenario of water pollution of the Shitalakhya, Buriganga and Turag rivers in Bangladesh. So, proper care should be taken when dispose of industrial effluent, sewage water and sludge to protect aquatic environment as well as existence of lives.

Knowledge Management: Journal