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Wheat Rust Surveillance in Bangladesh

P. K. Malaker
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

N. C. D. Barma
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

M. M. A. Reza
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

M. S. Hossain
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

M. A. Hakim
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

K. Mustarin
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

M. M. Hossain
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

M. F. Amin
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

M. R. Islam
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

M. Asaduzzaman
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

M. Mokhlesur Rahman
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

M. Mahbubur Rahman
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

M. J. Islam
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

Y. Abida
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

M. A. Alam
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

M. A. Khan
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Farmers’ fields and trial sites in major wheat-growing areas of Bangladesh were surveyed for assessment of wheat rusts during 2013-14. The survey was conducted following BGRI protocols developed for cereal rust assessment. Disease severity was estimated using the modified Cobb scale. Stem rust was recorded in rust trap nurseries and yellow rust on Morocco, but leaf rust occurred with varying levels of severity depending on field locations, sowing times and cultivars grown. Almost 90% of the 230 fields investigated had leaf rust, and 50% of these showed moderate (20-40%) to high (>40%) disease severity. Timely (15-30 November) planted crops largely escaped or had less disease compared to those planted late in the season. The north-west and western wheat growing areas were affected more than other parts of the country. The predominant cultivar Prodip showed moderate or high disease levels with MS-S type reactions, whereas BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26 displayed low (<20%) disease severity with MRMS-MSS responses. Four varieties, viz. Shatabdi, Bijoy, BARI Gom 27 and BARI Gom 28 were free from leaf rust infection.

Keywords: Survey, Monitoring, Virulent strains, Wheat, Rusts.

Location: Dinajpur, Joydebpur, Jessore, Jamalpur, Rajshahi and Ishurdi

Start Date: 00-00-2013

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases, Wheat

Objectives:

To make regular survey and monitoring becomes inevitable in order to identify sign of emergence of the virulent strains of wheat rusts.

Methodology:

Pathologists and breeders took part in monitoring of wheat rusts in farmers’ fields and trial sites. A total of 230 fields of the major wheat growing areas were covered in the current season (2013-14). The survey work was implemented collaborating different stations of WRC: Dinajpur, Joydebpur, Jessore, Jamalpur, Rajshahi and Ishurdi. Disease assessment was made following the modified Cobb scale (Stubbs et al. 1986). The BGRI protocols and format were used during the present survey.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report, Wheat Research Centre, BARI--2013-14

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

2014 was a favourable year for wheat rusts in Bangladesh. It was exceptional in the respect that all three rusts were recorded on the survey. Leaf rust was the most frequent with much higher disease pressure than in previous years. Leaf rust was very widely distributed, being present throughout the wheat growing regions of Bangladesh. Almost 90% of the sites surveyed (n=197) had leaf rust, and 50% of these showed moderate (20-40%) to high (>40%) severity. Timely (15-30 November) planted crops largely escaped or had less disease compared to those planted late in the season. Highest disease severity was recorded in the north-west and western wheat growing areas of the country. The popular variety Prodip was notably susceptible to leaf rust and seriously affected under late sown conditions with MS-S type reactions, whereas BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26 displayed low disease severity with MRMS-MSS responses. Other four varieties, namely Shatabdi, Bijoy, BARI Gom 27 and BARI Gom 28 were free from leaf rust infection. disease with susceptible reaction was observed at WRC, Dinajpur. Only low severity and incidence were recorded. The disease was observed on few lines in the rust trap nurseries from ICARDA, but not in any other cultivars or lines. The symptoms and urediospore morphology were examined at WRC, Dinajpur and ascertained to be of stem rust. Samples were collected and are undergoing race analysis at DWR Regional Station in Shimla, India. These would probably represent the first stem rust records in Bangladesh in three decades. Yellow rust was recorded only at WRC, Dinajpur. The disease was found on the rust susceptible check variety Morocco in a trial plot. Yellow rust is infrequent in Bangladesh, but does occur sporadically.

Stem rust was found in trap nurseries and yellow rust in Morocco, but leaf rust was observed in all wheat growing locations with varying levels of severity. This is not unlikely that virulent races of rust pathogens will emerge and inflict severe damage in future. Therefore, rust survey and monitoring needs to be continued in order to adopt appropriate management approach to prevent rust epidemic. Breeding resistant varieties and quick replacement of the susceptible cultivars would be the most economic and dependable control strategy. As an interim measure, fungicide may be applied for crop protection.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings