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Integrated Water Resources Management (iwrm) Impacts in South West Coastal Zone of Bangladesh and Fact-finding on Tidal River Management (trm)

Fahad Khan Khadim*
Water Resources Division, Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS), Dhaka, Bangladesh

Kanak Kanti Kar
Water Resources Division, Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS), Dhaka, Bangladesh

Pronab Kumar Halder
Water Resources Division, Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS), Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Atiqur Rahman
Water Resources Division, Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS), Dhaka, Bangladesh

A.K.M. Mostafa Morshed
Water Resources Division, Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS), Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The south west coastal zone of Bangladesh has been affected by rampant water logging due to vulnerable climate, silted rivers and stumpy terrain; and introduction of IWRM and TRM at some places of the zone has substantially safeguarded the circumstance. This study aims to assess the benefits achieved due to implementation of IWRM in parts of Khulna and Jessore districts, and investigate some technical aspects evolving TRM. Analyses have been carried out using satellite images, RS and GIS technology, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and field investigations. A mathematical formulation has been made to assess rate of tidal sedimentation due to TRM and selection strategies of tidal basins. The study comes up with evidences of considerable advancements in regional livelihood i.e. flood resistance, cultivated lands, cultivable area, cropping intensities and food security due to IWRM. Moreover, the technical facts established on TRM would help planners to have vivid perception regarding the process.

Keywords: IWRM; TRM; GIS; RS; Tidal Sedimentation; Water Logging; Flood Resistance; Food Security

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Non-commodity: Remote sensing

Objectives:

The study was developed considering a twofold focus, firstly emphasizing on the positive IWRM impacts in the study area and then establishing some facts on TRM.

Methodology:

Environmental impacts of IWRM have been studied using Remote Sensing (RS) technology, Geographic Information System (GIS) tools and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) as well as statistical analysis of flood levels in the study area. Change in land use and water logging have been analyzed using two satellite images of 2002 and 2012. The satellite images used in this study have been collected from Indian Remote Sensing Satellite Linear Imaging Self-Scanning III (IRS P6 LISS III) and are of 24 m spatial resolution comprising four spectral bands i.e. Band 1 (Green: 0.52 - 0.59 μm), Band 2 (Red: 0.62 - 0.68 μm), Band 3 (Near Infra-red: 0.77 - 0.86 μm) and Band 4 (Mid Infra-red: 1.55 - 1.70 μm). Two separate DEMs (size: 90 rows to 90 columns) of 1997 and 2011 have been used to assess land developments. The DEM of 1997 has been collected from National Water Resources Database (NWRD), Bangladesh and the DEM of 2011 has been collected from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) website. For accurate comparison, all topographic Reduced Levels (RLs) have been converted to Public Works Department (PWD) datum of Bangladesh, referring to a level of 0.46 below the Mean Sea Level (MSL). 50 years’ information (1969 to 2009) on Highest Flood Level (HFL) have been collected at a surface water station of BWDB at Dumuria (22⁰47'56.08"N and 89⁰25'20.96"E) sub-district, Jessore. Gumbel’s probability distribution, one of the most widely used functions for extreme values of flood peaks has been used for flood frequency analysis. Two flooding scenarios (of 1997 and 2011) have been developed DEM analysis and compared to investigate area’s flood resistance. Impacts on food security have been studied through assessing the changes (from 2002 to 2012) in cultivable lands, per capita food production, cropping intensity and irrigation coverage. Community based and agricultural information has been acquired from in-situ Rapid Rural Appraisals (RRAs), Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). Institutional and demographic information have been collected from subdistrict head quarters and Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) website. A mathematical formulation has been made using a set of geometric equations to quantify the rate of entry of Suspended Sediments (SS) in any basin due to TRM operation. If dh is the differential stage of tidal water in the basin (from basin bed) at a differential time dt, the differential tidal prism can be written as dV=A * dh, where A is plan area of tidal basin.

Source of Information: Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 2013, 5, 953-961

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=38240

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

IWRM concept and TRM practice are both issues generating debates and disputes regarding socio-technical benefits. The results of this study, showing the changes achieved in land development, land use, flood resistance and food security clearly reflects the positive consequences of implementing IWRM. IWRM can be extremely helpful in developing countries where water has conflicting demands and uses and ensuring stakeholder participation at all stages of planning and implementation, holistic outcomes of IWRM can be achieved. Fact-Finding of TRM covered in this study would provide planners with a clear perception on sequential selection of tidal basins, as well as predicting the final sedimentation to some extent before implementation of TRM. The results obtained from the consideration of cohesive sedimentation in Beel Bhaina tidal basin can be modeled to predict sedimentation rates and probable duration of TRM operation and such information can satisfy both the stakeholders and implementing authorities involved in the process, resulting in best possible outcome under an arguing social context.

Knowledge Management: Journal