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A Preliminary Observation on Water Quality and Plankton of an Earthen Fish Pond in Bangladesh: Recommendations for Future Studies

Md. Yeamin Hossain
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Saleha Jasmine
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Abu Hanif Md. Ibrahim
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Zoarder Faruque Ahmed
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Jun Ohtomi
Laboratory of Aquatic Resource Science, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-2- Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan.

Bernerd Fulanda
Laboratory of Aquatic Resource Science, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-2- Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan.

Momtaz Begum
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Brackishwater station, Paikgacha, Khulna-9280, Bangladesh

Abdullahil Mamun
Fishery Officer, Agro Industrial Trust, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Mohamed A.H. El-Kady
Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-2- Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan.

Md. Abdul Wahab
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study provides a characterization of water quality and plankton samples in earthen fish pond in Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Sampling was done over a period of six months, running from October, 2004 through March, 2005. All the water quality parameters were within the optimal ranges for plankton productivity. Temperatures varied from 19.75 to 27.25°C; transparency, 24.75-29.50 cm; pH, 6.62-7.85; Dissolved Oxygen (DO), 3.87-5.85 mg L^-1; free CO₂, 5.25-7.25 mg L^-1 and bicarbonate (HCO₃) alkalinity, 81.25-147.5 mg L^-1. Analyses of plankton samples recorded a total of 5 classes phytoplankton viz.; Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Dinophyceae, Euglenophyceae and 2 classes of zooplankton; Crustacea and Rotifera. The phytoplankton population was comprised of 17 genera belonging to Cyanophyceae (5 classes, 34.47%), Bacillariophyceae (3, 13.87%), Cyanophyceae (3, 34.48%), Euglenophyceae (3, 10.68%) and 1 to Dinophyceae (6.50%). The zooplankton population consisted of 10 genera belonging to Rotifera (4, 40.13%) and Crustacea (6, 59.87%). Phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance varied from 60800 to 239400 units/1 and 7620 to 12160 units/1, respectively. It is concluded that the phytoplankton groups provide the main support for earthen pond aquaculture in the pond compared to zooplankton classes. The information provides for more research to compare water quality and pond plankton characteristics in earthen aquaculture systems with and without fish stocking. Further studies on the seasonal changes of water quality parameters and its effects on plankton production in the fish ponds and all year extended monitoring is recommended in future studies.

Keywords: Water quality, Plankton, Earthen fish pond

Location: Rajshahi University Campus, Bangaldesh

Start Date: 00-10-2004

End Date: 00-03-2005

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Plankton

Objectives:

To identify the seasonal changes of water quality parameters and its effects on plankton production in the fish ponds.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out over a period of 6 months, ranging from October, 2004 through March, 2005 on rectangular earthen fish pond of area 120 square decimal and average water depth of 1.2 m in Rajshahi University Campus, Bangaldesh. The pond was stocked with exotic and indigenous fishes. Lime was applied before the start of the experiments and cow manure, urea and triple super phosphate fertilizers used to enhance plankton productivity. The experimental pond was free from any shading and adequate sunlight through out the day. Water quality parameters and sampling for plankton analyses was done once a week between 09.00-11.00 h from specific points of the pond at a depth of 20 cm below the surface. A mercury thermometer was used to measure both water and air temperature (°C), while Transparency (cm) was measured with a secchi disc of 20 cm diameter. Digital electronic meters (Model YSI-58, USA and Jenway Model-3020) were used to measure dissolved oxygen (DO) (mg L^-1) and pH on site, respectively while Total alkalinity (mg L^-1) and free carbondioxide (CO₂) (mg L^-1) were determined titrimetrically in the laboratory on collected water samples, according to the standard procedures and methods. Sampling of pond water for plankton analyses was done on ten-liter water samples sampled from different areas and depths of the pond and filtered through a 25 μ mesh plankton net. Preservation of the samples before analyses was done by addition of 5% buffered formalin in small plastic bottles, before analyses on a Sedgewick-Rafter counting cell, under a compound binocular microscope (SWIFT M 4000-D). Analyses involved transfer of 1 mL sub-sample from each of the samples to the Sedgewick-Rafter counter and counting of cells within 10 squares of the cells, chosen randomly. The plankton were then identified up to the genus level and enumerated. The mean number of plankton was recorded and expressed numerically per litre of water of the pond. The statistical analysis of different physico-chemical and plankton parameters were carried out by using one-way ANOVA and any difference at 5% level of significance using the statistical package of Statgraphics Version 7, while the Microsoft exell® 2002 was used to plots graphs for discrimination of the results. The results of the plankton density were expressed as mean±SD.

Source of Information: Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 10: 868-873. ISSN 1028-8880

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.868.873

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study showed that optimal water quality attributes especially in relation to total alkalinity has a strong positive influences the growth of phytoplankton and zooplankton groups in earthen fish pond. A detailed description of the dynamics of plankton within the pond hasn’t been given in this study since the samples only cover a period of 6 months. Hence there is a need to carry out successive studies to look at the dynamics of the plankton groups within the earthen ponds sampled over several years in order to fully characterize the variations both due to water quality and variability in climatic conditions. This information is useful for the future research as a foundation study towards characterization of these dynamics within the ponds of the Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

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