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Assessment of Genetic Divergence in Chilli (capsicum Annuum L.) Genotypes

Rokib Hasan
Plant Breeding and Crop Improvement Laboratory, Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh

A K M Mahmudul Huque
Plant Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea

M Kamal Hossain
Plant Breeding and Crop Improvement Laboratory, Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh

Nazmul Alam
Plant Breeding and Crop Improvement Laboratory, Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Thirteen genotypes of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) were investigated to understand the extent of genetic diversity through 6 yield attributing characters. Genetic diversity in chilli genotypes based on six characters was estimated using Mahalanobis’s D² statistics. The genotypes were grouped into five different clusters by non-hierarchical clustering. The cluster I had the maximum number (5) of genotypes while cluster IV and V each contained only one genotype. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster I and IV (24.483) and the lowest inter-cluster distance was observed between the clusters II and V (11.633). The results indicated that fruits/plant (35.8%) contributed maximum to the total divergence followed by fruit length (21.6%) and yield/plant (21.1%). Cluster IV produced highest mean for fruit weight (4.48), fruits/plant (149.90) and yield/plant (676.03). Cluster V produced highest mean for fruit length (10.23), pedicel length (4.94) and fruit diameter (10.36). Cluster I and III produced maximum lowest mean for almost all characters. Therefore, genotypes belonging to the cluster IV and V may be used as potential parents for future hybridization programme to develop superior Chilli variety with desired traits.

Keywords: Chilli; Genetic divergence; Cluster analysis; D2 statistics.

Location: Botanical Garden of Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-11-2013

End Date: 00-04-2014

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Chilli

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to assess the genetic diversity in 13 genotypes of chilli to identify suitable genotypes.

Methodology:

Thirteen chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes were collected from national research institute and different part of the Bangladesh. Field experiment: The investigation was conducted during November 2013- April 2014 at Botanical Garden of Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The experimental field was located inside the Botanical Garden of Jahangirnagar University at 23° 52' 27.76" north latitude, 90° 16' 5.16" east longitude. The experimental area was under the sub-tropical climatic zone and characterized by scanty rainfall, moderate humidity, moderate temperature and relatively short days during late Rabi season (January-March, 2014). The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture and belongs to the ‘Shallow Red Brown Terrace’ under Madhupur tract with a pH of around 6.2-6.8. The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The plot was 3x2 feet maintaining a plant spacing of 1x1 feet. A distance of 1.5 feet in the form of drain was maintained between the block and between the plots within a block. Manures and fertilizers were applied as per recommended dose to raise good crop. Weeding was done as and when necessary to keep the crops free from weeds. Flood irrigation was given to the plants when necessary. Data were collected from 5 randomly selected plants basis for fruit length (cm), pedicel length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), fruit weight (gm), number of fruit/plant, yield/plant (gm). Statistical analysis: The mean data of five randomly selected plants were used for statistical analysis. Analysis of variance, cluster analysis based on Tocher's method using Squared Euclidean Distance (Kumar et al. 2009) was performed using the statistical software Indostat Version 8.5. The principal component analysis and genetic divergence was calculated according to Mahalanobis D² statistics (Mahalanobis 1936) using statistical programme R-3.1.1 and "Biotools" package.

Source of Information: Plant Gene and Trait 2015, Vol.6, No.3, 1-5

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Achievement/Findings:

Taking consideration the mean data of fruit length (cm), fruit/plant and yield/plant, as these three characters contribute most towards the divergence, it can be recommended that the genotypes Bogra Morich and Demon could be good parents for hybridization.

Knowledge Management: Journal