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Development of Yield Model of Modern Wheat Varieties Under Late Sown Heat Stress Environment

M. ILIAS HOSSAIN
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

M.A.K. MIAN,
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

M.J. ISLAM
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

M.N.A. SIDDIQUIE
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

Y. ABIDA
Wheat Research Centre, BARI

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The trial was carried out in the rabi season of 2014-15 in research field of Regional Wheat Research Centre, Rajshahi of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute. Three varieties and one advanced genotypes (BAW 1051, BARI Gom 26, BARI Gom 27 and BARI Gom 28 of wheat was used as test crop. One irrigated timely sowing (ITS) and three irrigated late sowings (ILS) times were tested over heat stress condition. The ITS was Nov 25 and three ILS were Dec 10, Dec 25 and Jan 10, respectively. The design followed for the trial was split-plot with 3-replications. In case of late seeding, the genotypes phased a significant level of high temperature stress that also significantly affected the required days to anthesis, maturity of all genotypes including the yield and TGW as compared to irrigated timely sowing. In the timely sowing treatment, days to anthesis decreased due to late sown heat stress condition regardless the cultivars. These phenological characteristics under heat stressed condition led the wheat cultivars to significantly lower the grain yield as compared to normal condition. In late sowing conditions (Dec 10 –Jan 10), the grain yield was reduced by 8.9-32.5 % in BARI Gom 26, 9.6-36.3% in BAW 1051, 11.0-30.5% in BARI Gom 28 and 6.7-37.0% in BARI Gom 27. It was also observed that grain yield was found to be reduced by about by 4.3-14.2% in BARI Gom 26, 8.1-21.9 % in BARI Gom 27, 4.2-13.4% in BARI Gom 28 and 6.5-16.3% in BAW 1051 from irrigated timely sowing condition (ITS) for each 1°C rise in average mean air temperature during booting to maturity. On the other hand, reduction percent were less for the advanced lines and new varieties. Grain yield reduction was about (-) 1.4-2.65% in BARI Gom 28, 0.2.16.7 % in BARI Gom 27 and 1.7-6.0% in BAW 1051. Input variables of agro-climate (HDDS, RH, SSH, PR) and crop factors are calculated and summarized for modeling.

Keywords: Phenology, Wheat, Late sown, Heat stress environment

Location: Rajshahi

Start Date: 00-00-2014

End Date: 00-00-2015

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To quantify the effect of temperature, growth and phenology on the yield of wheat variety and to observe the adoption in adverse climatic condition

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out in the rabi season of 2014-15 in research field of Regional Wheat Research Centre, Rajshahi of Bangladesh Agricultural Research institute. The soil of the experimental field of Rajshahi belongs to AEZ # 11 characterized by flood free highland, fine in texture (Sandy loam and Silty loam) and poor in organic matter content. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications. Three wheat varieties and one advanced genotypes (V₁: BARI Gom 26, V₂: BARI Gom 27, V₃: BARI Gom 28 and V₄: BAW 1051) of wheat and BARI Gom 26 was used as test crop. One irrigated timely sowing (ITS) and three irrigated late sowings (ILS) were imposed to provide terminal high temperature over the tested genotypes. The ILS was Nov 25 (D₁) three ILS of were Dec 10 (D₂), Dec 25 and Jan 10 (D₄), respectively. Sowing times were accommodated in main-plot and the test genotypes were assigned to sub-plot. The unit plot size was 4×5 m. It was observed that maximum temperature occurred in May and minimum has January in every year. The duration of winter sometimes become prolonged in Rajshahi region as results wheat growth performance has better over other region. Also observed that daily mean temperature become fluctuated in every year and it was hamper for wheat yield as well as other parameters. Crop modeling depends on agro-climatic factors of several years. After well preparation of land, seeds @ 120 kg ha^-1 of each variety/lines were sown continuously in lines 20 cm apart. Each of the plots was fertilized @ 120-27-50-20-1-5,000 kg ha^-1 N-P-K-S-B-CD. Cow dung was applied during land preparation. The source of N, P, K, S and B were urea, TSP, MOP, gypsum and boric acid, respectively. All of TSP, MOP, gypsum and boric acid; and two-third of urea were used as basal during final land preparation. Rest urea was applied as top-dress at CRI stage followed by irrigation. Three irrigation were provided (one at CRI stage, one early booting stage and one at initiation in grain filling). The plot was kept weed free up to 30 days. No plant protection measures taken to control insects and diseases. Each of genotypes was harvested after its maturity. Data on days to heading, anthesis, physiological maturity and grain yield was adjusted at 12% moisture level. Recorded data were analyzed statistically and the means were tested by the LSD at 5% level. Data on duration of phenological changes, TDM, yield and yield components, daily air temperature, RH and precipitation (PR) were recorded.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report, Wheat Research Centre, BARI--2014-15

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Like booting stage, high temperature imposed by sowing times influenced on heading of all the genotypes at both the years. In ITS all the genotypes phased their heading stage between 67-72 days. After ITS, days to heading of all genotypes were decreased gradually. This is might be due to higher temperature prevailed in ILS. New wheat varieties, BARI Gom 28, BARI Gom 27, BARI Gom 26 and BAW 1051 required 1.65-16.2%, 3.4-14.8%, 1.68-14.8% and 2.97-15.2% less days respectively than timely sowing. These results implied that the performance in respect of heat tolerance of advanced genotypes were as in order of BARI Gom 28 > BARI Gom 26 > BAW 1051>BARI Gom 27. Under high temperature conditions, earlier heading is advantageous in the retention of more green leaves at anthesis, leading to a smaller reduction in yield. Growth chamber and greenhouse studies suggest that high temperature is most deleterious when flowers are first visible and sensitivity continues for 10-15 days. Among the reproductive phases fertilization (13 days after anthesis) is one of the most sensitive stages to high temperature in various plants. In the present experiment, terminal high temperature imposed by sowing times had significant influence on days to anthesis of tested wheat genotypes. There was also significant variation among the genotypes to attain anthesis. On the tested genotypes BARI Gom 28 took less time (74 days) to reach the anthesis stage as compared to other genotypes in irrigated timely sowing (ITS). After ITS, days required to anthesis of all the genotypes decreased gradually. In irrigated late sowing (ILS) conditions, BARI Gom 28 required the shortest duration and other two advanced varieties needed longer duration in each location to reach the anthesis stage. In the high temperature stress condition, the days to anthesis reduced by 2.59-14.2% in BARI Gom 28, 2.32-18.5 % in BARI Gom 27, 2.67-12.8% in BARI Gom 26 and 2.62-16.2% in BAW 1051. These results implied that in case anthesis the performance in respect of heat tolerance of tested genotypes were as in order of BARI Gom 28> BARI Gom 26 > BAW 1051>BARI Gom 27.

From the above study, it can be concluded that heat stress temperature with late sowing significantly changes the studied phenology of advanced genotypes and the yield. Generally due to late sown heat stress condition, the stages of life cycle reduce their duration or length. The performance of all genotypes is better in all respect in irrigated timely sowings as compared to irrigated late sowings conditions. The advanced variety BARI Gom 28 is the best performing one in heat stress condition as the deviation of phenological stages reduced by the lowest percentage and the yield is the highest among all the varieties. BARI Gom 28 could take place after BARI Gom 26 followed by BAW 1051. Input variables of agro-climate (HDDS, RH, SSH, PR) and crop factors are calculated and summarized for modeling.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings