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Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Flower and Bulb Production of Hippeastrum (hippeastrum Hybridum Hort.)

M. K. Jamal
Senior Scientific Officer
Biotechnology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur

M. Mizanur Rahman
Professor
Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gajipur

M. Mofazzal Hossain
Professor
Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gajipur

M. Tofazzal Hossain
Professor
Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gajipur

A. J. M. Sirajul Karim
Professor
Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gajipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted at the Horticultural research field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur during October 2008 to July 2009 to investigate the effect of plant growth regulators on flower and bulb production of Hippeastrum. There were ten treatments comprising of three concentrations of three growth regulators viz., IAA (20, 60 and 100 ppm), ethrel (100, 300 and 500 ppm) and GA₃ (100, 300 and 500 ppm) along with control (soaked in water). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Flower and bulb characteristics of Hippeastrum were influenced significantly by different levels of growth regulators. Application of IAA at 60 and 100 ppm and GA³ at 100, 300 or 500 ppm twice as foliar spray at an interval of 30 days promoted the number of bulblets on the treated plants. Ethrel at a concentration of 100 ppm increased the number of flowers per scape (4) and showed earliness in days to flower scape emergence (72.33 days) and first flower open (88.67 days). On the other hand, the biggest size of flower (15.14 cm x 12.44 cm) and flower scape (40.28 cm x 21.95cm) at harvest and the maximum days for flowering (11.50 days) were evident from plants treated with 500 ppm GA₃. The highest number of bulblets per plot (40.00), bulbs weight per plot (4056 g) along with bulb yield (40.56 t/ha) were also obtained in GA₃ at 500 ppm.

Keywords: Hippeastrum, Indole-acetic acid, Ethrel, Gibberrellic acid, Hippeastrum flower and Bulb yield.

Location: Horticultural research field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-10-2008

End Date: 00-07-2009

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Gladiolus

Objectives:

Objective of the study was to investigate the effect of plant growth regulators on flower and bulb production of Hippeastrum.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out at the Horticultural research farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur during October 2008 to July 2009. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having ten concentrations of growth regulators viz., T₁ = 20 ppm IAA, T₂ = 60 ppm IAA, T₃ = 100 ppm IAA, T₄ = 100 ppm ethrel, T₅ = 300 ppm ethrel, T₆ = 500 ppm ethrel, T₇ = 100 ppm GA₃, T₈ = 300 ppm GA₃, T₉ = 500 ppm GA₃ and T₁₀ = Control (soaked in water) with three replications. The experimental field was first disc-ploughed and harrowed. Final land preparation was done by a power tiller followed by leveling with scrapper. Clods were broken and weeds were removed from the field to obtain desirable tilth. Irrigation and drainage channels were made around the block. There were 30 (10 x 3) unit plots; each measuring 1 m x 1.5 m with 15 cm raised bed to prevent the bulbs from fungal disease caused by water logging. The plots were separated from one another by 1 m spaces. Bulb to bulb distance 25 cm and row to row distance 50 cm were maintained which constituted 12 plants per plot. Total 360 (30 x 12) bulbs were used for different treatments in the experiment. Uniform sized (5 cm in diameter) bulbs were collected from the field and kept two weeks for curing. Curing is a drying process intended to dry off the necks and outer scale leaves of the bulbs to prevent the loss of moisture and the attack by decay during storage. After harvesting when the bulbs were matured as indicated by yellowing and drying of leaves, the bulbs were dug out and tops were cut down. Then the bulbs were stored in trays and kept in a cool room (13^oC). Selected bulbs were cleaned carefully by removing the roots, leaves and dry scales by using a sharp knife which was sterilized to avoid spread of diseases. Selected bulbs were soaked for 24 hours in different concentrations of IAA, ethrel and GA₃ solution and also in water as per the treatment schedule. After soaking, the treated bulbs were wrapped in tissue paper and immediately planted in the field. The crop was fertilized with Cow dung = 10t/ha, Urea = 200 kg/ha, TSP = 400 kg/ha and MP = 200 kg/ha (Jana and Bose, 1980). Total amount of cow dung, TSP and MP were applied at the time of final land preparation. Urea 200 kg/ha was applied in two equal installments of 30 and 60 days after emergence which was followed by irrigation. Cultural operations such as irrigating the crop at different growth stages, weeding and pest and disease control measures were taken as and when necessary. The scape of the flower was cut when the buds were fully elongated. Harvesting of scape was done early in the morning and the stalks were placed in water. Diameter of mother bulb and bulblets were measured after curing of bulb. Necessary data on different characters were recorded and analyzed statistically using MSTAT- C program to find out the variation among the treatments by F-test. Treatment means were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) for interpretation of results.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(4): 591-600, 2015

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The plant growth regulators has significant effect on flower and bulb production of Hippeastrum. Bulbs treated with ethrel at 100 ppm enhanced early emergence of flower scape and flowering, maximum flowers per scape while GA₃ at 500 ppm performed better for bigger size flower and flower scape, flowering duration and bulb production of Hippeastrum.

Knowledge Management: Journal