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Physicochemical Properties and Metallic Constituent Load in the Water Samples of the Buriganga of Bangladesh

K. M. Mohiuddin
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. M. Alam
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

I. Ahmed
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

H. M. Zakir
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

A. K. Chowdhury
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted to assess the level of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Fe, Mn, Cd and Ni contamination in the water samples of the Buriganga river. Total 14 water samples were collected from different areas of upstream of the Buriganga river to determine the physicochemical properties, concentration of different metallic constituents and assess the heavy metal pollution load. Atomic Absorption Spectrometer was used for analyzing the heavy metals of the samples. The mean concentration of Ca, Mg, Na, K in water samples were 0.779, 0.889, 140.39, 26.9 µg mL^-1, respectively. The mean concentration of Cr, Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn in the water samples were 0.17, 0.05, 0.67, 0.22, 0.55 and 0.17 µg mL^-1, respectively. The amount of Cd in all samples and Pb in 10 samples was below detectable limit of the instrument (0.01 µg mL^-1). Water pH ranged from 4.09 to 7.41 and EC was 346 to 7720 µS cm^-1. Magnitude of heavy metal pollution in the Buriganga river system implies that the condition is very alarming and may severely affect the aquatic ecology of the river. To minimize the severe impact on city dwellers and aquatic ecology of the Buriganga river, sustainable steps and continuous monitoring on pollution prevention and cleanup operation is suggested.

Keywords: Buriganga river, Heavy metal, Pollution load, Water quality

Location: Buriganga river

Start Date: 00-00-2014

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water quality

Objectives:

To assess the level of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Fe, Mn, Cd and Ni contamination in the water samples of the Buriganga river.

Methodology:

Water samples were collected from 14 sites of the Buriganga river in January 2014. About 200 mL water samples were collected from each location in two plastic containers, following the method as described by APHA (2005). These containers were cleaned with dilute HCl (1:1) and then washed with distilled water. Water samples were immediately filtered with ADVANTEC^® 0.2 μm size sterile syringe filter. For the analysis of heavy metals 100 mL water sample was collected in separate clean bottle and acidified with 0.5 mL conc. nitric acid to maintain pH below 2, which will prevent the loss of metals by absorption and/ or ion exchange with the walls of glass containers. The pH value of water samples was measured by taking 90 mL of water in 100 mL beaker and immersing the electrode of pH meter (SensION+EC5, HACH, USA) into samples. EC of the samples was measured with the help of EC meter (SensION^TM +EC5, HACH, USA). Calcium and magnesium were determined from water samples by titrimetric method using Na₂EDTA as a chelating agent at pH 12. Potassium and Na contents determined by flame emission spectrophotometer (Model: JENWAY PFP7, UK). Heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and Manganese (Mn) in acidified water samples were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AA-7000; SHIMADZU, Japan).

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 141-146, 2015, ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The pH of water ranged from 4.09 to 7.41 and EC was 346 to 7720 µS cm^-1. The mean concentration of Ca, Mg, Na, K in water samples were 0.779, 0.889, 140.39, 26.9 µg mL^-1, respectively. The mean concentration of Cr, Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn in water samples were 0.17, 0.05, 0.67, 0.22, 0.55 and 0.17 µg mL^-1, respectively; while the amount of Cd in all samples and Pb in 10 samples was below detectable limit of the instrument. Chromium content in Buriganga river water sample was thirteen to twenty times higher than that of toxicity reference value (TRV) for fresh water proposed by USEPA.

Knowledge Management: Journal