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Impacts of Some Climatic Variables on the Seasonal Productivity of Aman Rice at Dhaka Region, Central Part of Bangladesh

S. M. S. A. Tuhin
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202.

M. A. Farukh
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202.

B. S. Nahar
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202.

M. A. Baten
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An agro-climatic study was conducted at Dhaka region of Bangladesh using 43 years (1970 - 2012) of climatic data (daily maximum temperature, seasonal total rainfall, daily average humidity, and daily sunshine hour ) to observe the climatic variability and their impacts on the productivity of Aman rice. The average maximum temperature increased by 0.04°C in Aman season in Dhaka region. The average sunshine hours decreased by 0.05 in the season. The average humidity decreased by 0.14 % in the season. The average seasonal rainfall increased slightly by 0.09 mm in the season. The Aman rice production increased by 0.03 t ha^-1 in the region. The production year 2003 shows highest productivity due to less climatic devastation impact on the seasonal productivity of the rice. The climatic variables impact ( S_avg > H_avg > T_max ) implies the seasonal productivity of Aman rice was mostly and inversely correlated with average sunshine ( S _avg ) hour. However, most of the time the production showed increasing trend except some devastating natural calamities in the year of 1988 and 1998 which affected crop production seriously.

Keywords: Aman rice, Climatic variables, Seasonal productivity

Location: Dhaka region

Start Date: 00-01-1970

End Date: 00-12-2012

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To observe a long term trend of climatic variables at Dhaka region.
To observe the impact of studied climatic variables on seasonal productivity of Aman rice.

Methodology:

Analyses of climatology at regional scale are most useful for the solution of practical agricultural problems. Dhaka, the central part of Bangladesh, is situated at 23^.79º N, 90^.30º E coordinate. According to BBS, Dhaka experiences a hot, wet and tropical climate. The summer season commences in April and lasts up to July. The winter season starts in early November and lasts up to the middle of March. The minimum and maximum temperature during winter varies from 16.9°C to 22.2°C. During the summer the minimum and maximum temperatures vary from 26.5°C to 30. 6°C. The heavy rainfalls are 345 mm and 314 mm during June and August, respectively. The average seasonal total rainfall in Aman season at Dhaka region is 1560 mm. The average humidity varies from 62% to 96% in the Aman season. Daily data of different climatic parameters such as maximum temperature (°C), average humidity (%), total sunshine (hr) and seasonal total rainfall (mm) at Dhaka station for the period of January 1970 to December 2012 (i.e. 43 years) were used in this study. Data were collected from Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) and Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council. Investigation was carried out using the data of cultivated area (ha) and production (t ha^-1) of Aman rice to find out the seasonal productivity. The yearly crop production data have been obtained from ‘Yearbook of Agricultural Statistics of Bangladesh’ of Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (2012) from 1970 to 2012. The yield of different varieties of rice such as local and modern were used for present analysis. Crop-climate relationship was investigated on the basis of cropping season of rice. As the pre-sowing and post-harvesting period is important in terms of crop climate relation, therefore, the immediate preceding and succeeding months of crop life i.e. Jun to November for Aman rice was considered as operating periods for production as well as to show the changes in climatic parameters within this period. Average seasonal maximum temperature ( °C ) for Aman season was calculated from the average daily maximum temperatures of the cropping season. Total rainfall data, daily total sunshine hour and seasonal daily average humidity was calculated to analyze the trend and impact on the crop . The unit ‘acre’ of cultivated area was converted to ‘hectare’ (ha). The production unit ‘metric ton’ was converted to ‘ton’ (t). Yearly annual yield (t ha^-1) was calculated dividing crop production by crop cultivation area. After completion of data collection they were compiled, tabulated and analyzed according to the objectives of the study. Data were put in MS excel and SPSS for statistical analysis. Annual average and total measurement of the variables (temperature, relative humidity, sunshine , and rainfall) were calculated to analyze the trend and their correlation with yield (t ha^-1) from 1970 to 2012 . The regression equations and the coefficient of determinations (R² ) have been obtained through scatter diagrams by taking two variables at a time.

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 7-10 2015, ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v8i2.26855

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This paper investigates the seasonal change of climatic variables and their correlation with the productivity of Aman rice at Dhaka region. The average sunshine hours and average humidity decreased by 0.05 and 0.14% in the season. The average maximum temperature and average seasonal rainfall increased slightly by 0.04°C and 0.09 mm. The average production of Aman rice increased by 0.03 t ha^-1 in the region. The seasonal productivity of Aman rice was mostly and inversely correlated with average sunshine. However, the crop production was hampered by the devastating floods during 1988 and 1998. This continuous change of climatic variables could affect the productivity of Aman rice. Therefore, more adaptive varieties of Aman rice for much production in near future will be needed under ongoing climate change scenarios in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal