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Organic and Inorganic Amendments on Rice (oryza Sativa L.) and Soil in Salt Affected Areas of Bangladesh

M. B. Hossain
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University campus, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

R. R. Sarker
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University campus, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Salinity is a limiting factor for growth and development, since it affects several physiological processes in plants. An experiment was conducted to evaluate rice yield and quality of soil using different organic and inorganic amendments. Field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications and six treatments. Each treatment was received recommended doses of chemical fertilizers also. Based on these results, 50% of rice straw and gypsum amendments could be recommended to mitigate soil salinity thereby, improving the crop productivity of the salt affected lands. Maximum plant height, panicle length, total and effective tillers per hill and filled grains per panicle were observed in 50% ( rice straw + gypsum ) treated plots. Nutrients uptake were increased in grain and straw using different treatments compared to control and rice straw alone treated plots. In post harvest soil, there was a slight change of salinity and pH as affected by different treatments. Addition of rice straw and gypsum showed positive impact on organic carbon in soil.

Keywords: Amendments, Crop productivity, Nitrogen and agronomic use efficiency, Problem soil, Rice yield

Location: Satkhira area

Start Date: 00-00-2012

End Date: 00-00-2013

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To evaluate the effects of different organic and inorganic amendments on soil salinity and fertility of saline soil as well as plant growth in the coastal areas of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Field experiment was conducted at Satkhira (22º48'40'', 88º59'17'' and 14 m above sea level), Bangladesh to observe crop yield and soil quality using organic and inorganic amendments during 2012 -13. The initial soil was a loamy having pH 7.6, EC 960 μS cm^-1, organic matter 1.76 %, total N 0.21, available P 15.78 μg^-1, exchangeable K 0.26 meq 100 g^-1 soil, respectively. Six treatments were: control (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K); 80, 50, 40 kg ha^-1, respectively), gypsum (G) (6 t ha^-1 ), cowdung (CD) (6 t ha^-1 ), rice straw (RS) (6 t ha^-1 ), 50% of (CD + G) and 50% (RS + G). Field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications in a plot size of 8m² ( 4m × 2m ) Nitrogen at 80 kg ha^-1 was applied through urea, half at 15 days after transplanting and the remaining half at maximum tillering stage, respectively. A basal dose of P and K (50, 40) was applied through triple super phosphate and muriate of potash. According to treatments, rice straw, cowdung and gypsum were top dressed by placing it at the base of hill followed by hand mixing with soil before transplanting. About 30 days old rice seedlings transplanted at 15 - cm and 20 - cm inter row spacing. Soil samples were collected at the time of rice harvesting. Harvest index was calculated by using the following formula : Harvest index = ( Grain yield / Biological yield) × 100. Soil samples were dried, powdered and sieved through 2 mm sieve for analysis of pH, organic carbon and EC and different nutrients. The pH of soil samples was measured in soil: distilled water 1:2.5 suspension with the help of pH meter and organic carbon was measured by Walkley and Black’s chromic acid digestion method. EC was measured by the following standard method. Harvested plants were dried and ground by using a stainless steel mill. Total N was determined by the modified micro - Kjeldhal method. Chemical analysis was followed by micro-Kjeldhal for total N and di-acid mixture (4 : 1; HNO₃ : HClO₄ ) for phosphorus and potassium and then analyzed using the method. N use efficiency was derived by the following formula: [N-uptake (fertilized plot)] - [N-uptake (control)]/Rate of N applied × 100, and agronomic efficiency was calculated by the formula: [Grain yield (fertilized)] - [grain yield (control)]/Rate of fertilizer applied in kg. To test the difference among the treatments, randomized block design analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used with soil amendment treatments as the fixed factor, and experimental blocks as the random factor. The probability level used to determine significance was p<0.05. Means were compared with an LSD test at p≤0.05. Whenever (treatment effects were significant).

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 109-113 2015, ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v8i2.26876

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It could be concluded that rice straw or cowdung in combination with gypsum is sufficient and equally effective to enhance the vegetative growth, increased number of effective tiller and grain yield of rice. Moreover, 50% RS + G amendment could be recommended to mitigate soil salinity and thereby, improving the crop productivity in the salt affected soils.

Knowledge Management: Journal