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Spatial Effects of Industrial Effluent on Soil Quality Around the Textile Industrial Area of Bhaluka Upazila, Mymensingh

M. Akter
Department of Environmental Science Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

M. A. Miah
Department of Environmental Science Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

M. M. Hassan
Department of Environmental Science Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

M. N. Mobin
Department of Environmental Science Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

M. A. Baten
Department of Environmental Science Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at the field laboratory of Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to study the textural influence on surface and subsurface soil temperatures under various conditions. The experiment consisted of four types of soil (red, sandy, clay and peat). Observations were made at three conditions viz. bare, moist and vegetation cover. Sandy soil at bare condition showed the highest surface temperature followed by peat, red and clay soils. Sand surface produced nearly 10ºC higher values than from clay soil at around midday hours. In four types of soils, the amplitude of the daily surface temperature wave decreased in the order sand > peat > red > clay at bare dry condition. In case of subsurface temperature observed at 10 cm depth, red, clay and peat soils showed insignificant differences. Soil surface temperatures of 4 types soils under moisture condition at around mid days showed similar pattern as in dry condition i.e. sand > peat > red > clay. Soil subsurface temperatures of 4 types soils under moisture condition at around mid days showed similar pattern as in surface temperature. Among three conditions, sandy soil emitted highest long wave radiation (-649.88 Wm-²) at bare condition. The long wave radiation emitted by the surface was lower when the soil was wet and has vegetation cover. Air temperature positively correlated with soil temperature.

Keywords: Soil temperature, Soil texture, Surface temperature, Sub-surface temperature

Location: Field laboratory of the Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-08-2013

End Date: 00-11-2013

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Land management

Objectives:

1. To measure surface and subsurface soil temperatures under bare, moisture, vegetation cover condition.

2. To evaluate the textural influence on the emission of long wave radiation.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the field laboratory of the Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from August to November 2013. The soil of the experimental site was non-calcareous dark gray floodplain. Soil surface temperature was measured through Infrared Thermometer (CEM DT-8818H, China) on clear sunny day. Soil subsurface temperature at 10 cm depth was measured through a POGO Portable Soil sensor-Original on clear sunny day. Textural classes were determined by hydrometer method as outlined by Bouyoucos. The textural classes were then determined by plotting the result on Marshall’s triangular coordinate. Twenty four hours data starting from 6.00 AM were collected.

The upward long wave radiation was calculated from the surface temperature and emissivity using the Stefan-Boltzmann law. Soil temperature (Ts) was measured using the modified Stefan-Boltzmann equation: Rl↑ = - €σT⁴ where, the negative sign is introduced in accordance with our sign convention for radiative fluxes i.e. flux towards space/away from the surface.

The secondary data of micrometeorological parameters were collected from a tower of the Micrometeorology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University. Solar radiation was measured using pyranometer (Four Component Radiometer MR-40, Eko). To measure air-temperature and relative-humidity at different levels Platinum resistance thermometer and at different levels Humicap was used. The Vaisala sensors were placed at two different heights (1.65, 2.95m) from the soil surface. The first sensor was set on a tower at canopy level 1.65m and second was placed at 2.95m from the soil surface. For measuring wind direction or wind speed three cup anemometer 03101 at different height 1.40m, 2.10m, and 3.10m were used. The experiment was based on temperature measurement in different types of soils. Four types of soils were selected namely red soil, sandy soil, clay soil and peat soil. Each types of soil had unique structure and texture. The experimental land was divided into four unit plots with 50cm depth, wide and length.

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 147-151, 2015 (ISSN 1999-7361)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In bare soil condition, average highest temperature was 54.2 ºC at noon 1300 hours and average lowest temperature was 23.15 ºC at 2200 hours. The presence of moisture at the surface greatly moderates the diurnal range of surface temperatures. In soil moisture condition, average maximum temperature was 39.75 ºC at noon 1200 hours and average minimum temperature was 21.51 ºC at 400 hours. In soil vegetation cover condition, average highest temperature was 40.4 ºC at noon 1400 hours and average lowest temperature was 21.25 ºC at 2400 hours. The subsurface temperature of soil at 10 cm depth also showed similar result and that temperature were observed lower in the early morning of hours, which gradually increased with the advancement of day, and it was peaked at 1300 hr to 1600 hr. In four types of soil the amplitude of the daily temperature wave decreased in the order sand > peat > red > clay. Soil texture had a distinct influence on soil temperature and on soil heat flux. The finer textured materials had greater heat capacity and their normally greater thermal conductivity where as coarse textured (sand) had lower heat capacity, lower thermal conductivity that’s why warmed up more rapidly. Among three condition, sandy soil emitted highest long wave radiation (-649.88 Wm^-2) in bare condition. The long wave radiation emitted by the surface was lower throughout the entire day when the soil was wet and has vegetation cover. The amplitude of emission of long wave radiation was same as compared with surface temperature. Coarse textured had poor heat capacity and might emitted high long wave radiation than fine textured. The diurnal changes in long wave radiation gradually increased soon at noon, reached a peak at about 1200 to 1500 hours and decreased with time.

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