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Effect of Nutrient Management on Population Growth of Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata Lugens (stal)

M M Rashid
Senior Scientific Officer
Plant Physiology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701

M Jahan
Professor
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

K S Islam
Professor
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M N Bari
Senior scientific officer
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701

S S Haque
Principal Scientific Officer
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) is a major insect pest of rice in Bangladesh. Nutrient management in rice received little attention on BPH population. The present study evaluated the consequences of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) application on population build up and weight of BPH in the laboratory and net-house at Entomology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute. Three levels of soil nitrogen (0, 100, 200 kg N ha^-1), phosphorus (0, 20, 40 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1) and potassium (0, 60, 120 kg K₂O ha^-1) were compared for individual and combined effects. Interactions of N, P and K demonstrated no significant effect on population growth and weight of BPH. However, interaction of N and P showed significant effect on population growth of BPH. Fertilization with nitrogen increased population and dry weight of BPH. Phosphorus fertilization markedly increased the population growth while high potassium application decreased population build up and dry weight of BPH.

Keywords: BPH, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Growth, Weight

Location: Net-house at Entomology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute

Start Date: 00-07-2012

End Date: 00-12-2012

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Insects

Objectives:

To evaluate the consequences of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) application on population build up and weight of BPH in the laboratory.

Methodology:

Preparation of soil and host plant establishment: Soil was fertilized with 3 levels of nitrogen subsidy (0, 100, 200 kg N ha^-1), 3 levels of phosphorous (0, 20, 40 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1) and 3 levels of potassium (0, 60, 120 kg K₂O ha^-1) and combination of all the levels. The potted plants of different fertilizer doses were prepared separately for the experiments. Half of the N fertilizer (in the form of Urea) and the whole of P (in the form of Triple super phosphate, TSP) and K (in the form of Muriate of Potash, MP) were mixed in the soil. The remaining half of N was applied when the plants were 30-day old. The macronutrient treatments were there after referred to as N₀, N₁₀₀ and N₂₀₀ for nitrogen, P₀, P₂0 and P₄₀ for phosphorus and K₀, K₆₀ and K₁₂₀ for potassium. Fifteen-day-old rice seedlings of variety BR3 were transplanted (3 hills/pot and 2 seedlings/ hill) in each earthen pot. Plants with different fertilizer doses were labeled and placed under natural condition. As, one hectare cultivated field contains 2 x 106 kg soil in its root zone. Culture of brown planthopper: Brown planthopper (BPH) population required for the experiments were obtained from a mass culture maintained in the green house throughout the period of study with the susceptible variety BR3. Forty five to sixty-day-old potted rice plants were used for this purpose. The plants were cleaned and the outer leaf sheaths of the potted plants were removed to destroy the eggs of other insects if any. Those potted plants were kept in iron framed rearing cage covered by the fine mesh wire net on a tray filled with water to one third of its height, so that the soil could not dry. Gravid BPH adults were released in a cage with the rice plants for oviposition and those removed 24 hours later using by an aspirator (a mouth sucking device). The potted plants with BPH eggs were then shifted every day to a series of rearing cages for hatching of the eggs to ensure supply of same aged BPH. After hatching, the host plants in the cage were changed at 3-4 days interval to provide sufficient food for the development of the nymphs to adulthood. To obtain steady supply host plant materials for each BPH culture and experiment, seedlings were transplanted at 15-day intervals. Nutrients experiments of brown planthopper: Yellow leaf sheaths were removed from forty-five day-old potted rice plants of different fertilizer doses and were infested with a pair of freshly molted adult for each treatment. The plants were covered with transparent mylar cages for population build up. Males and females were checked after 24 hours of infestation, and one pair of insects were ensured in each cage by eliminating the superfluous or by supplying additional. At 25 days after release of the adult all insects were collected in flasks containing ethyl acetone and counted. Fresh weight of twenty female adult BPH was measured to get mean fresh body weight and then all of the BPH were dried in the oven at 60^oC for 48 hours until constant weight and recorded total dry weight of BPH. Factorial (3 x 3 x 3) pot experiments were laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 27 treatment combinations and four replications.Statistical analysis: The data of number and dry weight of BPH was transformed into Square-Root transformation and those were analyzed using MSTAT-C program. The mean differences among the treatments were compared by multiple comparison tests using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 5% level.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Rice Journal, 17(1&2): 38-48, 2013

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Application of nitrogen increased population growth of BPH. Phosphorus fertilization showed a little or no effect on BPH growth but fertilization with the highest rate of potassium showed reduction effect. The rice growing areas where BPH populations grow with better ecological fitness due to result of application of high nitrogen fertilizer could be vulnerable to BPH outbreaks.

Knowledge Management: Journal