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Screening of Indica Rice (oryza Sativa L.) Genotypes Against Low Temperature Stress

Kamrun Nahar
Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

J.K. Biswas
Plant Physiology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

H.N. Barman
Plant Physiology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

A.M.M. Shamsuzzaman
Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Mirza Hasanuzzaman
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

In this investigation, genotypes having yield level more than 400 g m^-2 were selected primarily as low temperature tolerant. There were short and long duration genotypes in those groups. The combination of yield components was quite better in Group I. The genotypes having the highest spikelet number with better yield was found in Group III and IV but they had lower thousand-grain weight. The maximum and minimum temperature around panicle initiation (PI) were 28.7°C and 10.9°C for short duration genotypes and 24.4 and 11.0°C for long duration genotypes. The genotypes encountered low temperature and low solar radiation from vegetative to reproductive phases. A few genotypes maintained better phenotypic acceptability. Most of the selected genotypes experienced spikelet degeneration symptom. The genotypes (Group I, III and IV) producing huge number of spikelets might able to execute panicle differentiation at the initiation of panicle development. But at the subsequent stage there must have some growth impairment activities. In contrast, the genotypes (Group II and V) which having lower number of spikelet m^-2might be affected primarily at the differentiation stage then at the reduction division stage. The genotypes having short growth duration might have the tolerance to withstand low minimum temperature and those with long growth duration are appeared to have stress avoidance mechanism. As D² between the cluster 2 and cluster 3 was the highest, breeders could have the better chance of heterosis crossing between these two groups.

Keywords: Screening, Oryza sativa, Cold stress, Phenotypic acceptability, Yield and Tolerance

Location: The Experimental field of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-10-2007

End Date: 00-05-2008

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To screen rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes against low temperature stress.

Methodology:

The study was conducted from October, 2007 to May, 2008 comprising of seed collection, growing and experimentation, data collection and compilation etc. at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh. It is located at the center of Madhupur Tract (25°66' N latitude and 91°78' E longitude) at an elevation of 8.4 m above the sea level. Genotypes have been collected from different sources that are given in Seedbed was prepared by October 14, 2007 and sprouted seeds were sown on October 15, 2007 following BRRI recommendation so that the experimental genotypes phase low temperature at their growth stages. The experimental land was prepared as per BRRI recommendation. The fertilizer N, P₂O₅, K₂O, S and Zn were used at the rate of 120, 80, 60, 10 and 4 kg per ha in the form of urea, triple superphosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum and zinc sulphate. One-third of urea and the other fertilizers were applied during final land preparation. The rest of the urea was top dressed in two splits one at active tillering and the other around the panicle initiation stage. Thirty-day-old seedlings were transplanted at spacing of 25 × 15 cm on November 2007. The transplanting was done a month earlier to ensure the lines have to encounter low temperature stress at their vegetative as well as reproductive stage. A single 5 meters line was considered for each breeding lines. Intercultural operations such as weeding, irrigation, pest monitoring and control with pesticide were done as and when necessary. Panicle initiation (PI): Frequent monitoring of panicle initiation was done regularly in December, January and February. Scoring of Panicle Emergence Index: Panicle emergence index was recorded as per International Rice Research Institute standard evaluation system during panicle exertion. Scoring of Phenotypic Acceptability: Phenotypic acceptability was recorded as per International Rice Research Institute standard evaluation system. Several factors interact, influencing seedling vigor and phenotypic acceptability as well. e.g. tillering ability, plant height, occurrence of disease in plants etc. Data collections: Different morphological characters of spikelet or grain like healthy or normal, malformation or deformation of grain, presence of double lemma and palea and empty glume was observed and recorded. Yield components were estimated from the 10 randomly selected hills from a line. As the breeding lines were too many (244) 3 hills were selected from 10 hills as per Matsushima method. To simplify 3 panicles were randomly selected from 3 hills. Yield and yield components like spikelet per square meter, fertile grain percentage, thousand-grain weight etc. were estimated from those three panicles. Data analysis: Cluster and Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) was performed using the analytical package SPSS v. 16.1. In the first step, only two parameters “phenotypic acceptability” and “panicle emergence index” were considered to select 48 breeding lines. Irrespective of yield status, these lines were good in phenotypic acceptability and panicle emergence index. In the second step considering the yield and yield components these 48 genotypes were subjected to another cluster analysis to select genotypes with better yielding ability.

Source of Information: Botany Research International 2 (4): 295-303, (2009)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The genotypes IR77496-31-2-1-3, IR77504-36-3-3-1, BR7528-2R- 20-1, IR73689-19-1, IR62266-42-6-2 and PSBRC68 from group I; BG358-1 from group III; another genotype BG358-3 from group IV could be selected as high yielding and better performing genotypes. The genotypes selected through this study have significant tolerance to critical low minimum temperature. As D²between the cluster 2 and cluster 3 is the highest, breeder could have better chance of Heterosis crossing between these two groups.

Knowledge Management: Journal