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In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Spirulina Platensis Extracts Against Clinical Isolates of Salmonella Enterica Serovars Typhi and Paratyphi (subp03)

Sunjukta Ahsan
Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000;

Md Shamsul Arefin
Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000;

John Litol Munshi
Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dr. Qudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205

Mst Nadira Begum
Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dr. Qudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205

Maisha Maliha
Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000;

Sahida Rahman
Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000;

Anindita Bhowmik
Department of Microbiology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md Shahidul Kabir
Department of Microbiology, Stamford University Bangladesh, 51, Siddeswari Road, Dhaka-1217

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Natural therapy has its inherent attraction in that there are limited side-effects. Spirulina platensis, a naturally occurring algae, has been reported to have more than one therapeutic advantage. It is also used as a source of natural protein and vitamins in many parts of the world. In the present investigation, the antimicrobial activity of S. platensis against clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (n=17) and Paratyphi (n=3) was investigated. Ethanolic and chloroform extracts of S. platensis (40 mg/mL) were investigated for antimicrobial effect. Variable zones of inhibition were observed for the former extract whereas the latter did not show any inhibitory effect on growth of the test organism. Diameters of the zones of inhibition were 9.7-14.0 mm for S. Paratyphi and 9.5-16.0 mm for S. Typhi. The presence of zones of inhibition at the concentration of 40 mg/ml of the extract used is promising towards developing a natural remedy against infections with S. enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi.

Keywords: Spirulina platensis; Algal extract; Antibacterial activity

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Medicinal Plants

Objectives:

To study the antimicrobial activity of cell extracts of various strains of Spirulina platensis against clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and S. enterica serovar Paratyphi.

Methodology:

Bacteria: A total of 17 S. enterica serovar Typhi and 3 Paratyphi were used in this study. The bacteria used in antibacterial assays were provided by a local hospital which were isolated from patients suffering from typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 10428 was used as control.

Preparation of extracts: The blue-green alga, S. platensis was collected from Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) as dried powder. It was kept at room temperature. Samples were then shade dried and pressed to get coarse powder. Subsequently, the powdered samples were stored in the refrigerator. Spirulina powder was resuspended in ethanol and chloform separately to prepare solutions with strengths of 40 mg/mL. From each of this preparation, 20 μl was used to soak each filter paper disc.

Preparation of pure culture: A loopful of each of the microorganisms was suspended in about 10 ml of physiological saline (0.85% NaCl) in a roux bottle. It was streaked on Xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar medium and incubated at 37 ⁰C for 24h. Discrete colonies were selected on the basis of their colony morphology and biochemical profile. Standard biochemical tests: Kligler Iron Agar (KIA), Motility Indole Urea (MIU), citrate agar were used for identification of Salmonella spp.

Paper-disc diffusion method: Antibacterial activity was observed by disc diffusion method. Whatmann Filter paper discs, saturated with 20μl of ethanolic extract were aseptically placed on different culture medium supplemented with the test and control organisms. Discs were fed with solvent alone to serve as control. The plates were incubated at 37 °C and observed for zone of inhibition after overnight incubation. A control assay was conducted using Ciprofloxacin discs (5 μg).

Source of Information: Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.5 (1) 2015: 22-25

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/SJM/article/view/26916/17972

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study differs from previous studies in that it was conducted on clinical isolates of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi. The sensitivity of the isolates was compared to ciprofloxacin as a control assay. There was no correlation between the sensitivity of the isolates to the antibiotic and the zone diameters obtained with the ethanolic extract of S. platensis. Moreover, the sizes of the zone of inhibition were not comparable to that obtained for ciprofloxacin. At 40 mg/ml concentration, the ethanolic extract generated zones of inhibition significantly smaller than that obtained with ciprofloxacin. Future studies need to be carried out with increased concentration of the extract to obtain increased zones of inhibition. Other solvents like methanol, essential oil, water may be used for extraction of chemical ingredients imparting antimicrobial activity from S. platensis. Active ingredients may be separated and tested for designing new generation antibiotics. However, the finding from the present investigation is highly promising in view of the fact that the ethanolic extract was successful to inhibit the growth of the clinical isolates of the tested bacteria. Further research carried out along this line may prove to be fruitful in bringing out a natural solution against infection with S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi.

Knowledge Management: Journal