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Effects of Varieties and Nitrogen Application Levels on the Yield and Yield Components of Wheat

Kanchan Kumar
Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi. Bangladesh

A. M. Shahidul Alam
Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi. Bangladesh

M. R. Khatun
Agriculture Extension Officer
Department of Agricultural Extension, Bangladesh

M. Robiul Islam
Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi. Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present research was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi during the period from November 2009 to March 2010 to study the effects of different varieties (Shotabdi, Bijoy and Prodip) and nitrogen levels (0, 45, 90 and 135 kg ha^-1) on yield and yield components of wheat. The results revealed that the yield parameters like effective tillers plant^-1, spike length, number of spikelets spike^-1, number of fertile spikelets spike^-1, grains spike^-1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield were the highest in the variety Prodip but the plant height and total tillers plant^-1 were the highest in the variety Shotabdi. Among the varieties, the highest grain yield (3.05 t ha^-1) was observed in variety Prodip and the lowest (2.58 t ha^-1) in variety Bijoy. All the yield components increased progressively with increasing level of nitrogen and plant height. However, the interaction between variety and nitrogen application levels was not statistically significant in all studied growth parameters and most of the cases, variety Prodip performed the best over variety Shotabdi and variety Bijoy under maximum (135 kg N ha^-1) fertilization level.

Keywords: Variety, nitrogen level, yield and wheat

Location: Agronomy Field Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi

Start Date: 00-11-2009

End Date: 00-03-2010

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To study the effects of different varieties and nitrogen levels on yield and yield components of wheat

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, Rajshahi University during the period from November, 2009 to March, 2010 to study the effect of varieties and nitrogen levels on the yield and yield contributing characters of wheat. The experimental field was a medium high land with silty loam textured soil having pH value of 7.56. The soil of the experimental field contained 0.47 percent organic matter, 0.08 percent N, available P 11.25, available K 35.54, available S 24.36, available Zn 35.24, and available B 25.45. The experimental area was situated under subtropical climate characterized by heavy rainfall during Kharif season (April to September) and scanty rainfall during rabi season (October to March). The experiment consisted of four nitrogen treatments, i.e 0 kg ha^-1 (N₀), 45 kg ha^-1 (N₁), 90 kg ha^-1 (N₂) and 135 kg ha^-1 (N₃) and three different wheat varieties namely Shatabdi (V₁), Bijoy (V₂) and Prodip (V₃). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were randomly assigned in each replication. The seeds were sown on 13 November, 2009. Seeds were sown continuously in the furrow at the rate of 120 kg ha-1 as recommended by BARI. The furrows were opened by specially made hand rake. Seeds were placed at 4 cm depths and line-to-line distances were 25cm. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied as per treatments. Sulphur, Phosphorus and Potassium fertilizers were used as 120, 140 and 40 kg ha^-1, respectively. Urea, triple super phosphate, muriate of potash and gypsum were used as the source of N, P, K and S respectively. All the phosphatic, potassium and sulphur fertilizers and 1/3 urea were applied in each plot at final land preparation and were mixed thoroughly with soil. The next 1/3 urea was applied at crown root initiation stage after first irrigation and the rest 1/3 urea was applied at flowering stage after second irrigation. Two hand weeding were done, one at 20 and the other were 50 days after sowing. Thinning and gap fillings were done after the first irrigation. At maturity (17 March, 2010), the experimental crops were harvested plot wise. Prior to harvesting 1m² plant samples were selected randomly and uprooted from each plot for data recording. Harvested crops were sun dried for four days. Then threshing, cleaning and drying of seeds were made separately plot-by-plot. The biological yield, grain and straw yield of each plot were then recorded. Sample plants were processed in a similar way. All the recorded data were statistically analyzed following the ANOVA techniques and the significance of mean differences were adjudged by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) (Gomez and Gomez, 1984) with the help of computers software MSTAT. Simple correlation was done to determine the relationships between grain yield and its components like effective tillers plant^-1, fertile spikelets spike^-1 and grains spike^-1 with the help of computer package SPSS.

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Soc. Agric. Sci. Technol., 8 (1&2) : 87-92, (2011)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Variety Prodip performed the best over variety Shotabdi and variety Bijoy under maximum (135 kg N ha^-1) fertilization level.

Knowledge Management: Journal