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Repellency of Three Plant Extracts Against the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium Castaneum (herbst) and the Confused Flour Beetle, Tribolium Confusum (du Val)

L. A. M. Khanam
Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories, Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6206, Bangladesh.

I. Mahfuz
Departmint of Zoology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.

D. Talukder
Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories, Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6206, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The repellency of seed and leaf extracts of different solvents (petroleum ether, acetone and methanol) of Sapium indicum, Jatropha gossypifolia (Bellyache-bush) and Thevetia neriifolia (Yellow Oleander) was tested against Tribolium castaneum and T. confusum. Seed extract of S. indicum with acetone showed the highest repellency to T. castaneum than those of other extracts. The same extract produced moderate effects on T. confusum at the highest dose. Petroleum ether, acetone and methanol extracts of S. indicum leaf exhibited strong repellent effect on T. castaneum at higher doses showing 91.12%, (class V), 71.11% (class IV), and 77.78% (class IV) respectively. However, these extracts showed weak to moderate effects on T. confusum. Petroleum ether and acetone extracts of T. neriifolia seed kernel exhibited high repellency of class V (82.23%) and IV (66.88%) at the higher doses to T. castaneum. Methanol extract showed no repellency to the beetle. The highest dose of petroleum ether extract of T. neriifolia seed kernel produced an appreciable repellent activity (class IV, 75.55%) to T. confusum. Acetone extract showed weak to moderate effects on the beetle but the methanol extract exhibited a very weak effect at the highest dose. All the extracts of T. neriifolia leaf, in general, exhibited very weak effects on both the species however petroleum ether extract maintained class IV repellency at doses 314.38 and 628.76 μg/cm²to T. confusum adult. Petroleum ether and methanol extracts of J. gossypifolia seed showed 80.01% (class IV) and 71.12% (class IV) repellency to T. castaneum respectively, whereas acetone extract exhibited moderate effect on the insect. Moderate activity was observed with petroleum ether extract at the highest dose against T. confusum but other extracts were not significantly effective against the beetle. Acetone and methanol extracts of J. gossypifolia leaf were moderately effective to T. castaneum whereas petroleum ether extract was not effective against the insect. Petroleum ether extract of leaf moderately repelled T. confusum showing the activity of class III (44.45%) at dose 628.76 μg/cm² but other extracts showed very weak effects on the beetle.

Keywords: Sapium indicum, Thevetia neriifolia, Jatropha gossypifolia, Seed and leaf extracts, Repellency.

Location: Applied Zoology Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Laboratories, Rajshahi, Bangaladesh

Start Date: 00-12-2009

End Date: 00-11-2010

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Extract (plant, seed), Insects

Objectives:

To evaluate the repellencies of different solvent extracts of S. indicum, T. neriifolia and J. gossypifolia on T. castaneum and T. confusum.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in Applied Zoology Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Laboratories, Rajshahi, Bangaladesh during the month of December, 2009 to November 2010. The experimental plant species, e.g., S. indicum was collected from Barisal and T. neriifolia and J. gossypifolia were collected from the BCSIR Laboratories, Rajshahi. The seed and leaf of the plants were dried in a well-ventilated room under shade from 3 to 7 days depending on weather conditions and finally dried in an incubator at 40⁰C for 12 hours. Dried plants parts were then powdered in a hand grinder and extraction was carried out serially with petroleum ether, acetone and methanol in a soxhlet apparatus for separating different compounds. After extraction, extracted liquids of different solvent of the plant parts were dried in a rotary evaporator. Finally trace amount of solvent was removed by evaporating on water bath, and then collected in a small reagent bottle preserved at 4⁰C in a refrigerator. Repellency test was conducted by the Standard Method (Number 3) as described by McDonald et al. (1970) with some modifications. The experimental doses were 500ppm, 2000ppm and 4000ppm which were selected according to the toxic nature of the extracts after preliminary tests. The doses were prepared by mixing the requisite quantities of extracted materials with 10 ml methanol. Substrata were prepared by cutting in half Whatman No. 40 filter paper disk (9 cm. diam.) and then treating them with the desired concentrations of the extracts so that the deposits of 78.60, 314.38 and 628.76μg of the extracts per cm² of paper could be produced. The treated filter papers were then air-dried overnight at an average of room temperature 30.5⁰C. Each treated half of disk was then attached lengthwise, edge-to-edge, to an untreated disk half with cellulose tape and placed in a Petri dish. Ten adults (7-14 day old) were released in the middle of each filter paper circle and a cover was placed on the Petri dish. The orientation of the seam was changed in each replicate to avoid the effects of any external direction stimulus affecting distribution of the test insects. For each experiment, three replications were made. Insects that settled on each half of filter paper disk were counted at 24- hour intervals for 72 hours. The averages of the counts were converted to express the percentage repulsion (R) as follows (McGovern et al., 1977):

R= 2 (C- 50)

Where, C is the percentage of insects on the untreated half. Positive values expressed repellency and negative value attractant.

Source of Information: BANGLADESH RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS JOURNAL, Volume: 11, Issue: 4, Page: 332-339, September - December 2015 ISSN: 1998-2003,

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.bdresearchpublications.com/admin/journal/upload/1410099/1410099.pdf

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It may be concluded that these plants contain principles with toxic and repellent effects against the beetles. The repellent action increases the potential practical value of the materials in protecting grains from insect attack. The isolation of insecticidal materials by various methods, their composition and efforts for their synthesis on a commercial basis is needed.

Knowledge Management: Journal