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Effect of Upstream Storage Dam and Diversion Barrage on River-wetland Connectivity in a Selected Area of the Surma and Kushiyara River Basin

A B M BAKI
Department of Water Resources Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Tech Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

M F BARI
Department of Water Resources Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Tech Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

M I HAQUE
BUET-DUT Linkage Project, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Tech, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

M S MASUD
Institute of Water Modeling (IWM), House no. 496, Road No. 32, New DOSH, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1206

A S KHAN
Institute of Water Modeling (IWM), House no. 496, Road No. 32, New DOSH, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1206

M MARCH
Delft Hydraulics, P.o. Box 177, 2600 MH Delft, The Netherlands

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The regulated flow of Barak would inevitably change the water availability and alter the natural variability of flow in the Surma-Kushiyara rivers and the connected wetlands in the basin. One possible change could be the reduction in peak flow in monsoon and increase in dry season flow. Reduced flood peaks are likely to reduce flow from rivers to wetland bodies and this would affect the livelihood, biodiversity, as well as aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem. The objective of this paper is to investigate the probable impact on the annual hydrograph and the consequent changes in the river wetland connectivity due to upstream withdrawal and/or diversion in a selected area of the Surama- Kushiyara basin. The Kakura khal, which connects the Chunia beel wetland area with the Surma river, was selected for analyzing the overall hydrological impact. Water level and discharge in Kakura khal and Surma river near Kakura khal were calculated for characterization of wet land river connectivity in terms of depth, duration and extent of flooding with changing floods in adjoining rivers for different scenarios. One-dimensional HD model MIKE 11 and two dimensional model MIKE Flood were used to simulate three different scenarios. Preliminary analysis indicates that due to the Tipaimukh dam, during the monsoon period the discharge and water level in the Kakura khal will be lower and in the dry period, the discharge and water level will be higher. In addition to this diversion at Fulertal barrage for Cachar Irrigation Project will further lower the discharge and water level in the Kakura khal during the dry season. The external changes in the Chunia beel will decrease in terms of reduction in flooded area due to dam as well as dam plus barrage operation but also the inundation area in terms of larger depth to shallow depth will change. This will in turn reduce the connected wetland area having adverse impact on agriculture, fisheries, biodiversity etc.

Keywords: Upstream storage/diversion, Annual hydrograph, River-wetland connectivity

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Water management

Objectives:

The objective of this paper was to investigate the probable impact on the annual hydrograph and the consequent changes in the river wetland connectivity due to upstream withdrawal and/or diversion in a selected area of the Surama-Kushiyara basin.

Methodology:

SITE SELECTION AND DATA COLLECTION: The area selected for this study is located between latitude 24051' and 25001' North and longitude 920 07' and 92029' East. From this area a wetland named Chunia beel and Kakura khal providing connection with the Surma river were selected for analysis. The Chunia beel has a good fishing and cropping potential and the Kakura khal is the main source of flooding in the Chunia beel. The discharge, water level, rainfall, evaporation, ground water abstraction, the cross-sections data, and river network map for Surma-Kushiyara river basin were collected from Institute of Water Modeling (IWM) and from the field survey. DEM (Digital Elevation Model) of the study area, and the flood inundation RADAR images were collected from Centre for Environmental and Geographic Information System (CEGIS). From the field visit it was found that the Kakura khal is the main channel that provides linkage between Chunia beel and the adjoining Surma river. Information related to flow pattern over the annual cycle, cropping pattern in the wetland, fishing pattern in the khal etc. were collected from the local people. NEEPCO (2000), in their detailed project report on Tipaimukh Hydro Electric (Multipurpose) Project provide some salient features of the project, which have been found valuable to estimate the probable river flow pattern during the dam in full operation. FAP 6 (FPCO, 1994) also conducted an Initial Environmental Evaluation on the Northeast region of Bangladesh due to Tipaimukh dam. Using those data and information, the Barak river flow at Amalshid point for the post-dam condition was obtained. Selection of Flow: Scenarios and Data Preparation According to FAP 6 (1994) due to Tipaimukh dam and Fulertal barrage, the wet season flows of Barak at Amalshid would be decreased by 25% and dry season flow would be increased by 60% during an average flow year. The probable amount of monthly water withdrawal from the Barak river through Fulertal barrage for the irrigation project as provided in the NEEPCO (2000). Three possible flow scenarios were selected for analysis. These are average year flow without Tipaimukh dam, average year flow with Tipaimukh dam, and average year flow with Tipaimukh dam and Fulertal barrage. Using the statistical analysis of discharge during the last 30 years from 1971 to 2001, an average hydrological year 1996-1997 has been selected as the average flow year without Tipaimukh dam. For average year flow with Tipaimukh dam and Cachar irrigation project condition boundary discharge data at Amalshid was prepared by reducing about 25% of wet season (May to October) flows and increasing about 60% of dry season (November to April) flows from the average hydrologic year. The boundary discharge data at Amalshid for average year flow with only Tipaimukh dam was calculated by adding the monthly withdrawal from the Barak river with boundary discharge data at Amalshid for Tipaimukh dam and Cachar irrigation project.

Source of Information: International Conference on Water & Flood Management (ICWFM-2007) 12 - 14 March 2007, BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

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Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Based on the analyses it is clear that significant impacts on the study area will result from the implementation of the Tipaimukh dam and Fulertal barrage. The following conclusions can be made during an average flow year in future on the study area in the Surma-Kushiyara river basin: 1) Due to the Tipaimukh dam the discharge and water level in the Kakura khal and the Surma river near the khal will change: 2) Due to the Tipaimukh dam plus Cachar irrigation project , the discharge and water level in the Kakura khal and the Surma river near the khal will change: 3) Implementation of the Cachar irrigation project will change the discharge and water level in the Kakura khal (compared to the dam only): 4) Due to the Tipaimukh dam plus Cachar irrigation project, the flooding pattern in the Chunia beel will change.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings